http://hdl.handle.net/10993/158 Search this channel search https://orbilu.uni.lu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10993/56057 Title: Paths to Adult Identity Resolution – At the Intersection of Agency and Structure: A Differential Study Among Portuguese Emerging Adults <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Oliveira, José; Fontaine, Anne Marie <br/> <br/>Abstract: In contemporary Western individualized societies, both positive psychology and identity capital theory have identified a set of psychosocial assets indispensable for the negotiation of opportunities and risks inherent to the process of transition to adulthood. From among the various identity capital resources, this study focuses on agentic capacities, as one of the most valuable due to their motivational power, and school trajectories, as a powerful structural determinant of transition to adulthood trajectories. In order to better understand the anticipation of adult roles, two studies were carried out aiming to (1) observe differences in agentic capacities (measured by their levels of self-efficacy beliefs, expectations of success concerning the performance of adult roles, and exploration of worldviews and adult roles) and adult identity resolution according to the youths’ level of education; (2) assess the predictive power of youths’ agentic capacities in adult identity resolution, examining possible variations according to the level of education. Differences according to level of education were found regarding identity resolution with less educated youths evidencing higher levels of adult identity resolution. As far as the predictive power of agentic capacities over identity resolution is concerned, it was observed that the type and amount of identity capital that is relevant for the acquisition of a sense of adult maturity varies according to educational level of emerging adults. Sun, 15 Oct 2023 03:30:34 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55653 Title: The impact of interoceptive sensibility on the perception of pain <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Michels, Mara; van der Meulen, Marian; Miltner, Wolfgang; Schulz, André; Vögele, Claus; Dierolf, Angelika <br/> <br/>Abstract: Interoceptive sensibility is the self-perceived dispositional tendency to be internally self-focused and interoceptively cognizant. One would expect that persons with high interoceptive sensibility would be more consistent in their subjective ratings to pain stimulation, i.e., the same intensity would be rated similarly across different time points of the session. The present study investigated the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and perception of acute pain, realized by transcutaneous electrical stimulation to the inner forearm, compromising both the subjective pain ratings and the cardiovascular response to the painful stimulation in young healthy adults. To determine the interoceptive sensibility the MAIA-2 was used. In two session design participants received short, individualized pain stimuli in the non-painful to moderate pain range, which they rated regarding subjective intensity and unpleasantness on visual analog scales. The task was repeated three times in one session. Preliminary results suggest a positive relationship between different subscales of the MAIA-2 and the intensity and unpleasantness ratings of painful and non-painful stimulations. Over the three repetitions of stimulation, a differentiated picture forms with respect to possible sensitization or habituation of the participants. These findings suggest that there is an impact of interoceptive sensibility on the perception of pain. Using the MAIA-2 to determine the interoceptive sensibility is an economical approach, since previous studies worked with the heartbeat detection task or other experimental paradigms. Incorporating interoceptive sensitivity could be helpful for future interventions and possible treatments in pain patients. Fri, 21 Jul 2023 03:30:43 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55652 Title: The impact of inhibitory control on the acute stress response comparing young and older adults <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Sturgeon, Alana; van der Meulen, Marian; Miltner, Wolfgang; Dierolf, Angelika <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background Inhibitory control is a core executive function. It involves our ability to think before we act and allows an individual to control their automatic impulses. Executive functions are a mechanism of the prefrontal cortex, which is highly stress sensitive. Research suggests that executive functions positively influence the stress response, with higher executive functions supporting a more successful stress regulation, but it is unclear if that is also the case in older age. Methods To investigate this, healthy young (18-30 years) and older participants (65+ years) were asked to perform two inhibitory control tasks (Stroop-Color-Word task and Go/Nogo task) and were then assigned to a stress condition (Trier Social Stress Test) and to the control condition in counterbalanced order in a two-session design. Cardiovascular parameters and self-reported stress were used as indices for the stress response. Results First analyses suggest that better inhibitory control is associated with less agitation for the TSST condition in both, young and older adults. While the relationship between response inhibition and the stress response seems to be age-unrelated, preliminary results suggest an age-depended impact of interference control on the physiological stress response. Conclusion Since cognitive decline comes with age, older people may be more affected by stress, this could be counterbalanced by training executive functions. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of inhibitory control and suggest the possibility that enhancing executive function may improve stress management. Fri, 21 Jul 2023 03:30:42 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55650 Title: Placebo Analgesia in Aging – the Impact of age-related cognitive decline <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Dierolf, Angelika; Rischer, Katharina Miriam; Anton, Fernand; Montoya, Pedro; van der Meulen, Marian <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background. While older people report acute and chronic pain more often than younger people, and, therefore, would benefit significantly from non-pharmacological pain treatment, little is known about how age affects different psychological strategies of pain modulation. The few studies on cognitive distraction from pain suggest a reduced pain relief in older adults, whereas studies on placebo analgesia revealed inconsistent results. So far, distraction and hypnotic analgesia have hardly been investigated in aging. Methods. Healthy young and older participants underwent either a cognitive pain distraction task (working memory task), a placebo analgesia realized with a sham TENS intervention, a hypnotic analgesia intervention or a verbal pain distraction intervention, while receiving non-painful and moderate painful individually adjusted transdermal electrical pulse trains to the inner forearm. Pain ratings and pain-related evoked potentials via 64-channel EEG were recorded. Results. First analyses on the currently small sample suggest a differential impact of age on pain modulation strategies. Since the current sample size is too small to draw reliable conclusions, results will be presented and discussed at the conference. Conclusion. Our results will contribute to a deeper understanding on the efficacy of cognitive pain modulation in aging, helping to optimize pain treatments in this population. Fri, 21 Jul 2023 03:30:31 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55606 Title: „Does acute Stress influence the successful Distraction from Pain in young and older Adults?” <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Philipsen, Sven; van der Meulen, Marian; Miltner, Wolfgang; Dierolf, Angelika <br/> <br/>Abstract: Previous research has shown that cognitive modulation of pain through psychological strategies can contribute to pain relief and that distraction from pain through cognitive engagement represents an efficient method of these strategies. However, little is known about the impacts of stress and age on pain modulation, although previous findings suggest a negative effect of stress and that the efficacy may be impaired due to age-related cognitive decline. The present study therefore investigated the impact of acute stress on the efficacy of pain modulation through distraction in aging. Before and after an acute stress induction using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control condition, healthy younger (18-30 years) and older (60+ years) adults performed a n-back working memory task with low (0-back) and high (2-back) working memory load serving as the distraction paradigm, during which participants received individual adjusted non-painful and moderately painful electrical stimuli transmitted transdermal to the left inner forearm and rated them regarding intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale. Stress response was measured using heart rate and pulse and mood questionnaires about the stress experience. Preliminary results suggest more effective pain distraction under low working memory load for older adults, while in younger adults, pain reduction was higher under high load condition. So far, acute stress did not affect pain distraction in both age groups. The final results may contribute to a deeper understanding of pain modulation in aging and the impact of stress for a helpful optimization of pain therapy in older age. Fri, 14 Jul 2023 03:30:32 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55384 Title: Cognitive control of pain in Aging – comparison of different pain modulation strategies <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Dierolf, Angelika; van der Meulen, Marian; Miltner, Wolfgang <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background. While older people report acute and chronic pain more often than younger people, and, therefore, would benefit significantly from non-pharmacological pain treatment, little is known about how age affects different psychological strategies of pain modulation. The few studies on cognitive distraction from pain suggest a reduced pain relief in older adults, whereas studies on placebo analgesia revealed inconsistent results. So far, distraction and hypnotic analgesia have hardly been investigated in aging. Methods. Healthy young and older participants underwent either a cognitive pain distraction task (working memory task), a placebo analgesia realized with a sham TENS intervention, a hypnotic analgesia intervention or a verbal pain distraction intervention, while receiving non-painful and moderate painful individually adjusted transdermal electrical pulse trains to the inner forearm. Pain ratings and pain-related evoked potentials via 64-channel EEG were recorded. Results. First analyses on the currently small sample suggest a differential impact of age on pain modulation strategies. Since the current sample size is too small to draw reliable conclusions, results will be presented and discussed at the conference. Conclusion. Our results will contribute to a deeper understanding on the efficacy of cognitive pain modulation in aging, helping to optimize pain treatments in this population. Tue, 20 Jun 2023 14:13:29 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/55338 Title: RESTING STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY MARKERS FOR THE EFFICACY OF COGNITVE PAIN MODULATION IN AGING <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: van der Meulen, Marian; Rischer, Katharina; Dierolf, Angelika; Gonzalez-Roldan, Ana Maria; Montoya, Pedro; Anton, Fernand <br/> <br/>Abstract: A growing number of studies suggest that aging is associated with a decrease in efficacy of cognitive pain modulation. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis of the brain offers one way of investigating the potential neural mechanisms that may underly this age-related decline. In this study, 32 young (26.7 ± 4.3 years) and 32 healthy older (68.3 ± 7.1 years) adults underwent a 6-minute resting state fMRI scan, as well as a pain distraction paradigm. In the latter, participants received painful heat stimuli while performing either an easy or a difficult working memory task. We performed region-of-interest (ROI) to ROI rsFC analysis of the imaging data, focusing on regions implicated in pain processing and descending pain control. We then examined the relationship between rsFC parameters and the magnitude of the distraction effect (the reduction in perceived pain intensity during the difficult vs the easy task). Older adults showed reduced connectivity compared to young adults between several descending pain modulatory regions, including the ACC and PAG, the right secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and between the ACC and left amygdala. Importantly, rsFC in older adults correlated positively with the distraction effect, between several regions including the right SI and right amygdala, the left SI and right insula and between the ACC and left amygdala. Our findings thus demonstrate, for the first time, that reduced cognitive pain modulation in older age is directly associated with decreased rsFC within key nodes of the descending pain control network. Tue, 13 Jun 2023 07:57:35 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/51556 Title: Coaching. Die Mobilisierung der Psyche 1775/1975 <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Traue, Boris Wed, 06 Jul 2022 12:15:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/51542 Title: Kollektiver Eigensinn oder Selbstbehinderung? Das umstrittene Körperwissen der Anorexie <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Schünzel, Anja; Traue, Boris Wed, 06 Jul 2022 12:04:31 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/50745 Title: Executive functions in birds <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Greiff, Samuel <br/> <br/>Abstract: Executive functions comprise of top-down cognitive processes that exert control over information processing, from acquiring information to issuing a behavioral response. These cogni- tive processes of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility underpin complex cognitive skills, such as episodic memory and planning, which have been repeatedly investigated in several bird species in recent decades. Until recently, avian executive functions were studied in relatively few bird species but have gained traction in comparative cognitive research following MacLean and colleagues’ large-scale study from 2014. Therefore, in this review paper, the relevant previous findings are collected and organized to facilitate further investigations of these core cognitive processes in birds. This review can assist in integrating findings from avian and mammalian cognitive research and further the current understanding of executive functions’ significance and evolution. Fri, 01 Apr 2022 14:12:32 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48846 Title: Can cats travel into the past? The choice of exit in the context of who, where and when <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Bobrowicz, Ryszard Tue, 07 Dec 2021 13:21:57 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48838 Title: Affective forecasting in an orangutan: predicting the hedonic outcome of novel juice mixes <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina; Persson, Tomas; Baath, Rasmus; Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: Affective forecasting is an ability that allows the prediction of the hedonic outcome of never-before experienced situations, by mentally recombining elements of prior experiences into possible scenarios, and pre-experiencing what these might feel like. It has been hypothesised that this ability is uniquely human. For example, given prior experience with the ingredients, but in the absence of direct experience with the mixture, only humans are said to be able to predict that lemonade tastes better with sugar than without it. Non-human animals, on the other hand, are claimed to be confined to predicting—exclusively and inflexibly—the outcome of previously experienced situations. Relying on gustatory stimuli, we devised a non-verbal method for assessing affective forecasting and tested comparatively one Sumatran orangutan and ten human participants. Administered as binary choices, the test required the participants to mentally construct novel juice blends from familiar ingredients and to make hedonic predictions concerning the ensuing mixes. The orangutan’s performance was within the range of that shown by the humans. Both species made consistent choices that reflected independently measured taste preferences for the stimuli. Statistical models fitted to the data confirmed the predictive accuracy of such a relationship. The orangutan, just like humans, thus seems to have been able to make hedonic predictions concerning never-before experienced events. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:45:43 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48837 Title: Cylinder size affects cat performance in the motor self-regulation task <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: We tested domestic cats in the so-called cylinder task, and found that they perform better if the cylinder is larger. We also found that their highest performance parallels that of great apes and corvids, which are known as the best performing animals on this task. The cylinder task is used to test animals’ motor self-regulation: the inhibition of unproductive, but prepotent, movements in favour of productive movements that require a slight detour. Recently a large- scale study tested 36 species on this task and found that absolute brain size correlate with the performance; with great apes as top performers. Another study showed that corvids perform as good as great apes despite having smaller absolute brain size. We questioned whether average brained animals has as poor motor self-regulation as suggested, as it appears highly maladaptive; instead the results could be a reflection of the sensorimotor set-up of different species in relation to the materials used. No cats has yet been tested on the task. As ambush and sneak hunters, cats would arguably have high levels of motor self-regulation, but on the other hand their brain size and neuronal numbers are not above average in mammals. Eight adult domestic cats were tested in four versions of the task. We manipulated the size and materials to test whether that influenced performance: two large cylinders (16 cm diameter) out of glass and plastic respectively, and two small cylinders (9 cm diameter) of the same two materials. Each of the four conditions had two phases with a 24-hour delay in between. Each phase consisted of 10 consecutive trials. On the first day, a subject learned to retrieve a reward from an opaque cylinder. Next day, the cat was tested on a transparent cylinder. A retrieval of the reward without touching the cylinder’s front counted as a successful trial. The success rate differed between conditions, and reached 98.75% in the ‘big glass’ condition, and 97.5% in the ‘big plastic’ condition, and 83.75% in the ‘small glass’, and finally 73.75% in the ‘small plastic’ condition. Two-Factor ANOVA for two within variables revealed a significant main effect of the cylinder size on the success rate [F(1,7)=64.06, P<0.001]. Neither a main effect of the material nor an interaction effect of size and material was statistically significant. The size effect was seen in all subjects. Failure rates did not decrease over time in any condition, so no learning curve was detected. Our results show that cats parallel great apes and corvids in the cylinder task as long as it is 16 cm in diameter and made of glass, despite their average mammalian neural characteristics. There are several possible explanations such as that a bigger size allows for more options of retrieval (e.g. mouth or paw), and/or requires less precise retrieval; it could also be that the distance to the reward is perceived as different. This calls into question whether the large-scale study took into account the sensorimotor architecture of each species, and more importantly, whether the task always measures motor self-regulation. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:39:39 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48836 Title: Cats parallel great apes and corvids in motor self-regulation, but size matters <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: We tested domestic cats in the cylinder task, and found that they perform better ifthe cylinder is larger. We also found that their highest performance parallels that ofgreat apes and corvids, which are known as the best performing animals on this task.The cylinder task is used to test animals’ motor self-regulation. Recently a large-scalestudy tested 36 species on the task and found that absolute brain size correlatedwith the performance; with great apes as top performers. Another study showedthat corvids perform as good as great apes despite having smaller absolute brainsize. We questioned whether average brained animals have as poor motor self-regulation as suggested, as it appears highly maladaptive; instead the results couldbe a reflection of the sensorimotor set-up of different species in relation to thematerials used. No cats have been tested on the task before.Eight adult domestic cats participated in four versions of the task. We manipulatedthe size and materials, with two large (18.5 cm diameter) and two small (9.5 cmdiameter) cylinders, out of glass and plastic respectively. Each condition comprisedof two phases. First, a subject learned to retrieve a reward from an opaque cylinder(5 trials), and after a 24-hour delay was tested on a transparent cylinder (10 trials). Aretrieval of the reward without touching the cylinder’s front counted as a successfultrial.The success rate differed between conditions, and was highest (98,75) for the “smallplastic” condition. There was a significant main effect of the cylinder size on thesuccess rate [F(1,7)=64.06, p <0.001]. We discuss these results, as they call intoquestion whether the large-scale study took into account the sensorimotor architecture of each species, and more importantly, whether the task alwaysmeasures motor self-regulation. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:34:37 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48833 Title: The detour paradigm in animal cognition <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Kabadayi, Can; Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: In this paper, we review one of the oldest paradigms used in animal cognition: the detour paradigm. The paradigm presents the subject with a situation where a direct route to the goal is blocked and a detour must be made to reach it. Often being an ecologically valid and a versatile tool, the detour paradigm has been used to study diverse cognitive skills like insight, social learning, inhibitory control and route planning. Due to the relative ease of administrating detour tasks, the paradigm has lately been used in large-scale comparative studies in order to investigate the evolution of inhibitory control. Here we review the detour paradigm and some of its cognitive requirements, we identify various ecological and contextual factors that might affect detour performance, we also discuss developmental and neurological underpinnings of detour behaviors, and we suggest some methodological approaches to make species comparisons more robust. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:25:49 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48831 Title: Cats Parallel Great Apes and Corvids in Motor Self-Regulation – Not Brain but Material Size Matters <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: The inhibition of unproductive motor movements is regarded as a fundamental cognitive mechanism. Recently it has been shown that species with large absolute brain size or high numbers of pallial neurons, like great apes and corvids, show the highest performance on a task purportedly measuring this mechanism: the cylinder task. In this task the subject must detour a perpendicularly oriented transparent cylinder to reach a reward through a side opening, instead of directly reaching for it and bumping into the front, which is regarded as an inhibitory failure. Here we test domestic cats, for the first time, and show that they can reach the same levels as great apes and corvids on this task, despite having much smaller brains. We tested subjects with apparatuses that varied in size (cylinder length and diameter) and material (glass or plastic), and found that subjects performed best on the large cylinders. As numbers of successes decreased significantly when the cylinders were smaller, we conducted additionally two experiments to discern which properties (length of the transparent surface, goal distance from the surface, size of the side opening) affects performance. We conclude that sensorimotor requirements, which differ between species, may have large impact on the results in such seemingly simple and apparently comparable tests. However, we also conclude that cats have comparably high levels of motor self-regulation, despite the differences between tests. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:19:32 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48829 Title: Cognition in the fast lane: ravens’ gazes are half as short as humans’ when choosing objects <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: Time cannot be directly perceived; instead, its flow is inferred from the influx of sensory information. To prevent sensory overload, attentional mechanisms split up information into processable units. This portioning remains imperceptible to the individual. However, the length of these units still influences the speed of perception and the speed at which behaviors are performed. Previous studies have focused on establishing the length of these units in various mammalian species – mainly humans – by measuring different types of behaviors, including gaze. However, no such studies have been conducted on birds. We measured duration of ravens’ (Corvus corax) single gazes towards selectable objects before a choice was made, and compared it with humans in a similar set up. The raven gaze durations were approximately half those of humans (which fell slightly short of previously established ranges). We hypothesize that these differences are mainly due to the much higher so-called flicker-fusion-frequency in birds, which makes their vision faster in the sense that it picks up more information per time unit than mammalian vision does. We further discuss that the speed of perception might influence the general speed of cognitive processing in more complex tasks as well, and suggest that the addition of a temporal component in comparative cognitive studies might be informative. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:12:12 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48828 Title: Social context hinders humans but not ravens in a short-term memory task <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: Using resources shared within a social group—either in a cooperative or a competitive way—requires keeping track of own and others’ actions, which, in turn, requires well-developed short-term memory. Although short-term memory has been tested in social mammal species, little is known about this capacity in highly social birds, such as ravens. We compared ravens (Corvus corax) with humans in spatial tasks based on caching, which required short-term memory of one's own and of others’ actions. Human short-term memory has been most extensively tested of all social mammal species, hence providing an informative benchmark for the ravens. A recent study on another corvid species (Corvus corone) suggests their capacity to be similar to the humans’, but short-term memory skills have, to date, not been compared in a social setting. We used spatial setups based on caches of foods or objects, divided into individual and social conditions with two different spatial arrangements of caches (in a row or a 3 × 3 matrix). In each trial, a set of three up to nine caches was presented to an individual that was thereafter allowed to retrieve all items. Humans performed better on average across trials, but their performance dropped, when they had to keep track of partner's actions. This differed in ravens, as keeping track of such actions did not impair their performance. However, both humans and ravens demonstrated more memory-related mistakes in the social than in the individual conditions. Therefore, whereas both the ravens’ and the humans’ memory suffered in the social conditions, the ravens seemed to deal better with the demands of these conditions. The social conditions had a competitive element, and one might speculate that ravens’ memory strategies are more attuned to such situations, in particular in caching contexts, than is the case for humans. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:07:39 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48827 Title: Great apes selectively retrieve relevant memories to guide action <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Johansson, Mikael; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: Memory allows us to draw on past experiences to inform behaviour in the present. However, memories rarely match the situation at hand exactly, and new situations regularly trigger multiple related memories where only some are relevant to act upon. The flexibility of human memory systems is largely attributed to the ability to disregard irrelevant, but salient, memories in favour of relevant ones. This is considered an expression of an executive function responsible for suppressing irrelevant memories, associated with the prefrontal cortex. It is unclear to what extent animals have access to this ability. Here, we demonstrate, in a series of tool-use tasks designed to evoke conflicting memories, that chimpanzees and an orangutan suffer from this conflict but overcome it in favour of a more relevant memory. Such mnemonic flexibility is among the most advanced expressions of executive function shown in animals to date and might explain several behaviours related to tool-use, innovation, planning and more. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 12:03:32 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10993/48825 Title: Goffin's Cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) Can Solve a Novel Problem After Conflicting Past Experiences <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; O'Hara, Mark; Carminito, Chelsea; Auersperg, Alice; Osvath, Mathias <br/> <br/>Abstract: Novel problems often partially overlap with familiar ones. Some features match the qualities of previous situations stored in long-term memory and therefore trigger their retrieval. Using relevant, while inhibiting irrelevant, memories to solve novel problems is a hallmark of behavioral flexibility in humans and has recently been demonstrated in great apes. This capacity has been proposed to promote technical innovativeness and thus warrants investigations of such a mechanism in other innovative species. Here, we show that proficient tool—users among Goffin's cockatoos—an innovative tool—using species—could use a relevant previous experience to solve a novel, partially overlapping problem, even despite a conflicting, potentially misleading, experience. This suggests that selecting relevant experiences over irrelevant experiences guides problem solving at least in some Goffin's cockatoos. Our result supports the hypothesis that flexible memory functions may promote technical innovations. Tue, 07 Dec 2021 11:53:36 GMT