Student case vignettes for the investigation of teachers' tracking decisions

Report (in press)

Luxembourg. ECEC Workforce profile

Report (2023)

Stellungnahme zu COM(2023) 224 final

Report (2023)

COM(2023) 224 final schlägt die Einführung eines unionsrechtlichen Zwangslizenzregimes an Patenten für Krisenzeiten vor. Die Stellungnahme entstand im Rahmen eines DFG Projekts und analysiert den ... [more ▼]

COM(2023) 224 final schlägt die Einführung eines unionsrechtlichen Zwangslizenzregimes an Patenten für Krisenzeiten vor. Die Stellungnahme entstand im Rahmen eines DFG Projekts und analysiert den Vorschlag für das Bundesministerium der Justiz. [less ▲]

European Public School Report 2023: Preliminary results on student population, educational trajectories, mathematics achievement, and stakeholder perceptions

Report (2023)

• Luxembourg is a highly diverse country in terms of the socioeconomic, sociocultural, and linguistic composition of its population. This diversity is reflected in the national education system with an ... [more ▼]

• Luxembourg is a highly diverse country in terms of the socioeconomic, sociocultural, and linguistic composition of its population. This diversity is reflected in the national education system with an increasing share of students speaking a language other than Luxembourgish and/or German at home. In order to deal more adequately with the increasing language diversity of the student population and to counter educational inequalities that presumably result (at least in part) from a curriculum that places high language expectations on a growing number of students, the Luxembourgish government has broadened the educational offer by introducing European public schools (EPS). These schools follow the European curriculum and allow students to select one main language of instruction among the offered language sections (i.e., German, French, and English). • By combining data from different sources (e.g., administrative student data, expert interviews with stakeholders, achievement scores in mathematics from the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme “Épreuves Standardisées” - ÉpStan), the present report offers preliminary results on EPS in Luxembourg. They consist of (1) the societal demand for EPS; (2) the composition of the student population in EPS; (3) the perception of EPS by school management teams and parents, and tangible education outcomes in the form of (4) educational trajectories; and (5) academic achievement in mathematics among EPS students compared to their peers in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum. Described below are the key preliminary findings for each of these aspects: (1) Since 2016, a total of six EPS have opened in different locations across Luxembourg and the amount of students attending EPS has increased considerably at both primary and secondary school level. With the number of applicants surpassing the number of places currently available in EPS, it can be concluded that there appears to be high demand for EPS. (2) With students having a low socioeconomic status (SES) and/or students speaking Portuguese at home taking up the offer of EPS less frequently than high SES students and/or students speaking French or English at home, the student population in EPS differs from the student population in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum (e.g., nationality, language primarily spoken at home, SES). (3) School management teams and parents report a rather positive perception of EPS, with the extended linguistic offer (i.e., possibility to select a language section) being the main reason why parents select EPS for their child. (4) Looking at the educational trajectories of EPS students, preliminary results offer a tentative indication of EPS students showing less school delay than their peers in school following the Luxembourgish curriculum and high continuity in their educational trajectories (i.e., the vast majority of students remains in EPS instead of changing curriculum). (5) With regard to achievement in mathematics at primary school level, the present report indicates that students in EPS perform better than their peers in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum. At secondary school level, EPS students perform better than their peers in Enseignement secondaire général - voie d'orientation (ESG) and in Enseignement secondaire général - voie de préparation (ESG-VP), while staying below the performance of Enseignement secondaire classique (ESC) students. Although low SES students or Portuguese speaking students in EPS show better achievement scores than their respective peers in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum it is not yet possible to draw strong conclusions based on these preliminary findings as these student groups currently take up the EPS offer less frequently than their peers considered as advantaged in the context of schooling. Their number is currently too small to allow more robust and in-depth statistical analyses. • The present report’s findings, especially regarding the tangible educational student outcomes, however, must be considered as tentative due to important methodological limitations. Indeed, the small numbers of students in EPS, particularly so for student groups with specific background characteristics (e.g., low SES students, Portuguese speaking students), do not allow separate analyses based on language section, for example. Thus any identified pattern could be sensitive to the inclusion or exclusion of outliers (e.g., students with particularly high or low ÉpStan scores). In addition, the comprehensive EPS school system at secondary school level (i.e., common track) is compared to the ability-based tracked school system of schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum, which limits the interpretability of secondary school data. Regarding the academic achievement tasks in mathematics, it should be noted that they were developed using education standards of the Luxembourgish curriculum. It is thus possible that achievement was underestimated for EPS students (e.g., assessment of mathematical concepts that have not yet been introduced in EPS). To this date, the ÉpStan administered in EPS only assessed academic achievement in mathematics for which a bigger overlap between curricula is assumed than for language subjects (e.g., German, French). Current psychometric shortcomings (e.g., different timepoints of language introduction within the language section in EPS, task development, comparability of tasks) do not yet allow to assess academic achievement in language subjects. • Considering that the ÉpStan do not currently include a measure that operationalises the learning environment, the present report is unable to draw any conclusions regarding which EPS aspect contributes decisively in explaining the observed differences in educational outcomes. Nevertheless, three potential explanations are presented for further exploration: better linguistic fit in EPS (i.e., students learning to read and write in their native or a related language), structural differences between school offers (e.g., primary and secondary education within one institution, the institutionalized quality assurance and flexibility in teacher recruitment in EPS), and the differences in the composition of the student population (i.e., lower uptake rate of the EPS offer by low SES students and Portuguese speaking students). • The finding that low SES students and Portuguese speaking students take up the EPS offer less frequently than their high SES peers and French or English speaking students, and that the EPS student population differs from the student population in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum, could potentially result out of three main hurdles: namely (1) the application of selection criteria considering that the demand for EPS is surpassing the number of available places (i.e., the linguistic and/or academic profile of applying students is taken into consideration); (2) lacking system knowledge regarding the characteristics of Luxembourg’s education system among all actors involved in education (which makes it difficult to take informed decisions on a student’s education); and (3) potential organizational challenges that hamper the uptake of the EPS offer (e.g., geographical location of the EPS). • In light of the tentative result that students in EPS show better educational outcomes than many of their peers in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum, two main implications for educational policy can be deduced. First, the student composition of EPS could be diversified in a targeted manner. This could be achieved, for example, by a) encouraging EPS to target student groups considered as disadvantaged in the context of schooling (e.g., low SES students) more effectively, and by b) fostering an encompassing system knowledge (e.g., characteristics, similarities and differences of the two school offers) among all actors involved in education (e.g., teachers, parents, educational advisors, school psychologists) to allow parents to take an informed decision on their child’s education. A second implication would be to introduce certain characteristics of EPS in schools following the Luxembourgish curriculum (e.g., extending the linguistic offer as in the French literacy acquisition pilot project currently implemented in four C2.1 classes). • By progressively integrating EPS into the well-established Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme, the ÉpStan will allow for a more in-depth analysis of potential educational outcome differences between EPS and schools following the Luxembourgish in the future. With the aim of providing reliable data for evidence-based policy making in the field of education, the results from the ÉpStan could in turn be used for the creation of school offers in which all students can make use of their full academic potential irrespective of their individual background characteristics (e.g., SES, language background). [less ▲]

Standing for Ukraine. Support for the Ukrainian research community

Report (2023)

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 triggered a worldwide wave of support and solidarity, also with C²DH, where our staff agreed that the centre should be strongly committed to supporting ... [more ▼]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 triggered a worldwide wave of support and solidarity, also with C²DH, where our staff agreed that the centre should be strongly committed to supporting Ukrainian researchers. Over time, three intertwined focus areas of activities emerged: efforts to foster cooperation between the Ukrainian research community and the C²DH, efforts to offer future-oriented training for Ukrainian researchers and students, and efforts to document the war, preserve Ukrainian cultural heritage and create opportunities for future research activities. [less ▲]

Franet National contribution to the Fundamental Rights Report 2023

Report (2023)

Early childhood education and care in Luxembourg. Attendance and associations with early learning performance.

Report (2023)

Luxembourg’s student population is highly diverse in terms of language and family background and shows disparities in learning performances as early as first grade (Cycle 2.1). Achievement gaps might be ... [more ▼]

Luxembourg’s student population is highly diverse in terms of language and family background and shows disparities in learning performances as early as first grade (Cycle 2.1). Achievement gaps might be increased by the high language demands in the traditional Luxembourgish school system. Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) including for instance crèche, précoce and Cycle 1, is one of the possible mechanisms to reduce these gaps that is currently discussed by researchers, policy makers, and the broad public. A lot of international literature points towards a positive association of ECEC and child development. However, findings vary widely with characteristics of ECEC, as well as characteristics of children and their families. For this report, we used data from the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme “ÉpStan” from 2015 to 2021 including students’ learning performances in three domains in Cycle 2.1 – Luxembourgish listening comprehension, early literacy, mathematics – as well as student and parent questionnaire data. Additionally, data from ÉpStan 2022 on German and Luxembourgish listening comprehension and students’ language exposure at home are presented. Who attends which type of ECEC in Luxembourg? We find that the attendance in ECEC is generally high. On average, crèches were attended at a moderate level of intensity and duration. Family background (socioeconomic status, migration background and home language group) interacts in a complex way with attendance in ECEC. For example, children from families with a high socioeconomic status speaking Portuguese or French at home, attended crèche for more hours a week than children from families with a high socioeconomic status speaking Luxembourgish at home. In regard to language exposure in ECEC, Luxembourgish appears to play a dominant role for most children. How are ECEC attendance and family background associated with learning performance in Cycle 2.1? Most importantly, non-formal (crèche) and formal types of ECEC (précoce, Cycle 1) have positive but small to moderate associations with learning performance in the three learning domains. Looking at crèche attendance in more detail, effects of crèche intensities are different for Portuguese speaking and Luxembourgish speaking children – i.e., only Portuguese speaking children benefit from higher intensity attendance in crèche. As can be expected, all children benefit most in their Luxembourgish listening comprehension if they attended a crèche in which Luxembourgish was spoken. Well-known performance disparities in the three learning domains between children of different backgrounds have been confirmed – with advantages for native, Luxembourgish speaking children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Is the pattern of differences between children of different home language groups the same in Luxembourgish and German listening comprehension? Children’s performances in German listening comprehension show even larger disparities between home language groups than those in Luxembourgish listening comprehension. This argues against the assumption of a transfer from Luxembourgish to German language skills for all children. Conclusively, this report points towards ECEC as a key adjustable parameter to improve learning development and concludes with the call to collect data on ECEC quality. Structural (e.g., child-caregiver-ratio) and procedural (e.g., characteristics of interaction) aspects of quality should be regulated and systematically evaluated to ensure positive child development and equal opportunities for every child. With more monitoring data on diverse quality aspects and language practices in ECEC, important insights on the effects of new reforms in the educational system could be gained. Additionally, the present results reveal a significant negative relationship between children’s learning performance and a previous allongement de cycle in Cycle 1, calling for a thorough revision of this frequently used procedure. Finally, the continuity between languages in ECEC and the successive schooling is important. This alignment is currently not ensured due to more flexible language policies in ECEC and more rigid language practices in formal schooling. For example, the plurilingual education in ECEC promoting Luxembourgish and French, could build a solid basis for a French literacy acquisition, yet explicit promotion of the current instruction language of reading and writing acquisition, German, in Cycle 2 is still missing. A crucial demand therefore arises to revise the language demands in the curricula and policies – to continuously support ECEC’s plurilingual education in formal schooling (e.g., European and international schools or French literacy acquisition) and to explicitly promote German in ECEC to build a solid basis for literacy acquisition in German. [less ▲]

African Perspectives for Advancing Space Security Through Norms, Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviours: Workshop Summary Report

Report (2023)

LURN5: Luxembourg Ukrainian Researcher Network

Report (2023)

The fifth meeting of LURN took place on 24 March 2023 in the Open Space of the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History. In the focus were introductions to the practical digital tools of ... [more ▼]

The fifth meeting of LURN took place on 24 March 2023 in the Open Space of the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History. In the focus were introductions to the practical digital tools of researchers Slack and Zotero, a presentation of the ALUMNI network of UL (Andy Adams) and discussions about the future of LURN. The representants of two sister organizations in Germany and France also attended the LURN5. Mrs. Victoria von Rosen from Frankfurt and Mrs. Olena Kovalchuk from Paris personally joined for a discussion of potential international projects, such as the summer or winter School of ambassadors of the European Scientific Tradition for researchers staying in Ukraine. Likewise, ties with Belgium and the Netherlands will be strengthened after the successful hybrid conference of BeNeLURN on March 21, 2023, in order to find cooperation among scientists from Europe and Ukraine. LURN joined to the framework of the Ukrainian Scientific Diaspora program, launched by the Council of Young Scientists of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine. The new elected organizing LURN committee will announce the LURN6 soon. [less ▲]

Making Next Generation EU a permanent tool

Report (2023)

The policy study assesses the possible scope and the technical and legal difficulties in implementing a "permanent Next-Generation EU (NGEU)", a central fiscal capacity for the EU, without ever losing ... [more ▼]

The policy study assesses the possible scope and the technical and legal difficulties in implementing a "permanent Next-Generation EU (NGEU)", a central fiscal capacity for the EU, without ever losing sight of the democratic requirement. The implementation of NGEU has raised coordination issues between the member states as to the allocation of funds across structural priorities (e.g. ecological transition vs digitalisation) and across countries. To these coordination difficulties, Section 2 adds the issue of the democratic legitimacy of EU policies when supranational priorities constrain the autonomy of national parliaments. The problem of accountability is not new when one thinks that supranational rules, such as the Stability and Growth Pact, impose limits on the power of parliaments to "tax and spend"; in fact, the intrinsic logic of coordination is to force (political) discretionary power to comply with (macroeconomic) functional imperatives; this inevitably produces a form of depoliticisation of fiscal policy. Throughout this policy study, we constantly keep in mind that transforming NGEU into a permanent programme offers an opportunity to fix this depoliticisation of EU policies and open a window for a breakthrough to a "political Europe". [less ▲]

A Precise Gravity Tide Model for Port-au-Prince in Haiti

Report (2023)

Der Einfluss der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Institutionen für ältere Menschen und Menschen mit Behinderungen in Luxemburg. Eine Surveystudie mit Bewohner/innen, Angehörigen, Personal und Leitungen

Report (2023)

Guide on environmental impact claims for EU financial products

Report (2023)

Reflections from the 30th Anniversary Conference of the International Network for Urban Research and Action (INURA) in Luxembourg, 'Small State Big Transitions'

Report (2023)

Auswirkungen der Investmentsteuerreform betreffend Vereinbarkeit mit EU-Recht, Verhinderung von Steuersparmodellen und Steuervereinfachung

Report (2023)

The InvStG 2018 addressed the various concerns raised from an EU law perspective prior to the reform. The reform of investment tax law can therefore be considered a success in this respect. Explicit ... [more ▼]

The InvStG 2018 addressed the various concerns raised from an EU law perspective prior to the reform. The reform of investment tax law can therefore be considered a success in this respect. Explicit disadvantages for cross-border situations existing prior to the reform have been almost completely eliminated with the InvStG 2018. Nevertheless, following the mission to critically examine the law from both a primary law and secondary law perspective, this report highlights points with regard to which a certain need for adjustment can be stated. These are all questions of detail, which are expected to concern only a small number of cases. There are no concerns for the large majority of regulations and cases. The tax saving models addressed by the investment tax reform, in particular the models of "Kopplungsgeschäfte", "Zins- & Dividendensurrogate", "Ertragsausgleich Enhancements" and with the Luxembourg SPF, are in principle effectively eliminated by the conceptual countermeasures in the InvStG 2018. Within the scope of the study, only selective tax avoidance options remained in the context of these models. At the same time, the new conception of investment taxation opened up new scope for tax structuring, particularly in the different partial exemption rates and the option-opening documentary requirements for the partial exemption rates, limited tax liability, real estate income and for tax-privileged investors. New tax structuring opportunities could also arise with cryptocurrencies and tokens. In order to avoid individual tax arrangements, the legislator could take up the regulatory proposals outlined in this report. For investment funds, which are particularly important in the mass case law of investment fund taxation, the InvStG 2018 has achieved its goal of legal and administrative simplification and thus a reduction of the compliance burden. These simplification effects have been relativised by the different partial exemption rates and the retroactive exemptions for tax- privileged investors. [less ▲]

Research-Based Analysis of European Youth Programmes. Results of the Surveys With Project Participants and Project Leaders Between 2014 and 2020 in Luxembourg

Report (2023)

The report presents the results of the Luxembourg sample of a transnational survey carried out by the RAY network for the scientific monitoring of the European Programme Erasmus+ Youth in Action (E+/YiA ... [more ▼]

The report presents the results of the Luxembourg sample of a transnational survey carried out by the RAY network for the scientific monitoring of the European Programme Erasmus+ Youth in Action (E+/YiA). Three surveys were carried out during the programme period from 2014 to 2020, in 2015/2016, 2017/2018 and 2019/2020. The questions the RAY-MON surveys aim to answer are: • What is the impact of E+/YiA projects on project participants, project leaders and their organizations/groups as well as on the local communities where the projects have been implemented? • What is the context of E+/YiA projects, especially in terms of the profile of actors and organizations, access to E+/YiA, project development and project management? [less ▲]

Luxembourg - Global constitutional law - country report 2022

Report (2023)

Rapport sur les restrictions et obstacles injustifiés au droit à la libre circulation ou sur la discrimination fondée sur la nationalité à l’encontre des travailleur·ses issu·es de l’Union Européenne et des membres de leur famille

Report (2023)

Investigating Pre-service Teachers’ Attitudes Towards LGB Students in Luxembourg

Report (2022)

This questionnaire study investigates the attitudes of pre-service teachers at the University of Luxembourg towards lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) students. Assessing this is crucial when it comes to ... [more ▼]

This questionnaire study investigates the attitudes of pre-service teachers at the University of Luxembourg towards lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) students. Assessing this is crucial when it comes to guaranteeing equality in education, as prior research, such as on the Pygmalion effect, demonstrates that teachers’ perceptions of students may have an impact on student’s educational success. This impact can be positive but also negative. Detecting trends of negative attitudes in pre-service teachers may therefore represent a first step in protecting LGB-students from educational inequality. Possible explanatory variables, such as respondents' experiences with LGB people, religiosity, gender or even political orientation will be collected. The aim of the study is to add the aspect of sexual diversity in education to the Luxembourg Education Report 2023, which is entirely devoted to the topic of diversity. We hypothesize that negative attitudes of student teachers towards LGB students are associated with 1) little social contact with LGB people; 2) male gender; 3) stronger religious beliefs; 4) heterosexual orientation; 5) a right-wing, conservative political orientation. Additionally, we examine whether hypergendering (hypermasculinity for men and hyperfemininity for women, i.e., the strict adherence to traditional gender roles and their stereotypes) influences the relationship between negative attitudes regarding LGB students. We hypothesize that 6) men with strong hypermasculinity display more negative attitudes than less hypermasculine men; we tentatively hypothesize that 7) women with strong hyperfemininity display more negative attitudes than less hyperfeminine women towards LGB students. All variables and their concrete assessment tools with respective answer options are displayed in the Survey Overview. [less ▲]

SATCOM on the Ice: Arctic Circle Operations Put to the Test with Climate Change

Report (2022)

The Implementation and Future of the revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive: Policy Recommendations - Concomitant expertise for Implementation report

Report (2022)

KEY FINDINGS The AVMSD should be reinforced as centrepiece of audiovisual content regulation on EU level. Deficiencies within the AVMSD and overlapping with other legal acts need to be addressed such as ... [more ▼]

KEY FINDINGS The AVMSD should be reinforced as centrepiece of audiovisual content regulation on EU level. Deficiencies within the AVMSD and overlapping with other legal acts need to be addressed such as balancing the country-of-origin principle with necessary exceptions. The current state of implementation with late transpositions hinders final conclusions regarding the innovative new rules. Nevertheless, focus of the monitoring of the new AVMSD application should be on the assessment of measures taken by video-sharing platform providers. European works promotion obligations need careful analysis before being able to discuss possible future adjustments, based on the actual impact the provisions have on the audiovisual market. Institutional structures with national authorities operating independently of market and political powers and cooperating efficiently on European level in an equally independent manner need to be safeguarded for an effective, fundamental rights observant oversight. Reactions to providers under control of third countries, as with the measures under AVMSD and the economic sanctions package against Russian operators, show the importance of being able to rely on media law based and robust response schemes in the future. In order to improve coherence and consistency of the regulatory framework, discussion on proposed legal acts, namely the European Media Freedom Act should be seen in the context of implementation analysis of the current AVMSD to be done by the European Parliament. [less ▲]

Opportunities and challenges of using blockchain technology in public administration – Insights from the FLORA project of Germany’s Federal Office for Migration and Refugees

Report (2022)

Federal Blockchain Infrastructure Asylum (FLORA) - Piloting and evaluation of the FLORA support system in the context of the AnkER facility Dresden

Report (2022)

Migration Internationale au Luxembourg: Système d'observation permanente des migrations OCDE

Report (2022)

Le Luxembourg reste un pays attractif à l’immigration. Entre 2021 et 2022, la population luxembourgeoise a continué d’augmenter, passant de 634.730 à 645.397 habitants (+1,7%), ce qui représente une ... [more ▼]

Le Luxembourg reste un pays attractif à l’immigration. Entre 2021 et 2022, la population luxembourgeoise a continué d’augmenter, passant de 634.730 à 645.397 habitants (+1,7%), ce qui représente une hausse supérieure à l'année précédente mais toujours plus faible qu’avant la pandémie. Cette augmentation est principalement due à l'immigration nette (+9.376). La part luxembourgeoise représente 52,9% de la population et les ressortissants étrangers 47,1%. L’année 2021 a vu une augmentation importante de 27,6% du nombre de titres de séjour délivrés par rapport à l’année précédente, et même de 6,9% par rapport à 2019. Le titre de séjour le plus fréquemment délivré reste celui de « membre de famille ». Le nombre total de visas accordés dépasse de 13,1% celui de 2020, mais reste inférieur de 45,2% à celui de l’année de 2019. La politique en matière d’immigration et d’asile en 2021 et au premier semestre 2022 a été particulièrement impactée par les répercussions chroniques de la pandémie COVID-19, mais aussi par les contrecoups de la guerre en Ukraine. L'évolution dynamique de la pandémie COVID-19 a nécessité de multiples adaptations des mesures sanitaires. Le gouvernement luxembourgeois a notamment modifié à plusieurs reprises la liste des pays tiers sûrs dont les ressortissants sont autorisés à entrer au Luxembourg ainsi que la liste des pays dont le Luxembourg accepte les certificats de vaccination. Par ailleurs, la loi du 30 juillet 2021 modifiant la loi sur la nationalité a étendu le délai pour un candidat au recouvrement de la nationalité luxembourgeoise pour souscrire la déclaration de recouvrement auprès de l'officier d'état civil jusqu’au 31 décembre 2022. Suite à l'afflux massif de personnes déplacées en provenance d’Ukraine, provoqué par l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie le 24 février 2022, la directive sur la protection temporaire a été déclenchée pour la première fois. Fin juin 2022, 4.175 personnes au total ont obtenu le statut de la protection temporaire au Luxembourg. Considérant l’accès au marché du travail des bénéficiaires de protection temporaire, le Conseil de gouvernement a précisé que les personnes jouiront d’un accès direct, sans test du marché. Par ailleurs, la politique en matière d’immigration a été impactée par les conséquences de la prise de pouvoir par les Taliban en août 2021. Jusqu’à la fin de l'année 2021, le Luxembourg a évacué au total 45 ressortissants afghans en étroite collaboration avec les pays de Benelux. De plus, un engagement de 90 admissions humanitaires a été pris dans le cadre de l'exercice d'engagement étendu pour les ressortissants afghans pour les années 2021 et 2022. Dans ce contexte, le Luxembourg a temporairement suspendu certaines décisions concernant les demandes de protection internationale de ressortissants afghans au niveau ministériel et devant les juridictions administratives. Outre les développements susmentionnés, certaines évolutions législatives sont également à considérer entre janvier 2021 et juin 2022. Au regard de la Loi sur l’immigration, la loi du 16 juin 2021 modifie certaines dispositions relatives aux stagiaires, à la prise en charge d’un ressortissant de pays tiers, au regroupement familial, aux travailleurs transférés intragroupe, ainsi que certaines simplifications pour la délivrance de certains documents de séjour. En outre, le projet de loi n°7954 propose de structurer de manière claire et cohérente les différentes catégories de mesures d’éloignement. D’ailleurs, le projet propose des précisions au niveau de l’autorisation de séjour pour raisons privées. Concernant la protection internationale, la loi du 16 juin 2021 modifie la loi sur l’asile en modifiant la procédure de recours contre une décision de transfert Dublin en introduisant des voies de recours extraordinaires contre une décision de clôture définitive et contre une décision de retrait. De même, il s’agit d’élargir le champ du personnel policier autorisé à procéder aux vérifications dans le contexte d’une demande de protection internationale. Par ailleurs, le projet de loi n°8014 portant modification de la loi sur l’asile vise à matérialiser des modifications quant à la sauvegarde des droits des demandeurs de protection internationale. À partir du 1er janvier 2021, l'ONA a transformé son système d’accueil, comprenant initialement trois phases, à un système à deux phases et introduit une nouvelle terminologie pour les types de structures d’hébergement. Pour faciliter la participation des ressortissants étrangers aux élections communales, la loi du 22 juillet 2022 portant modification de la loi électorale abolit la clause de résidence de cinq ans pour les ressortissants étrangers désireux de s'inscrire sur les listes électorales pour les élections communales et prolonge le délai pour s'inscrire sur lesdites listes. Début 2021, le nouveau « Pakt vum Zesummeliewen » a remplacé le « Plan communal intégration » afin de stimuler un processus d'intégration plus dynamique et pluriannuel au niveau communal. Dans le contexte de la révision de la loi sur l'intégration actuellement en cours, de multiples consultations d’acteurs sociétaux ont été réalisées. D’ailleurs, le Département de l’intégration, en collaboration avec des experts de l'OCDE, ont présenté une étude de l'OCDE sur le fonctionnement du système d’intégration au Luxembourg. [less ▲]

La consommation de Cannabis chez les jeunes d’âge scolaire (12-18 ans) au Luxembourg - Résultats de l'enquête HBSC de 2018

Report (2022)

Le cannabis est considéré comme la substance illicite la plus fréquemment consommée dans le monde. Sa consommation est jugée particulièrement dangereuse si elle est fréquente, fortement dosée et commence ... [more ▼]

Le cannabis est considéré comme la substance illicite la plus fréquemment consommée dans le monde. Sa consommation est jugée particulièrement dangereuse si elle est fréquente, fortement dosée et commence à l'adolescence. En raison de ses effets nocifs sur la santé et la société, ce rapport a pour objectif d’examiner le nombre de jeunes qui consomment du cannabis au Luxembourg, ainsi que les facteurs sociodémographiques, de risque et de protection associés à cette consommation, afin d'illustrer les possibilités d'interventions promotion de la santé et de prévention de comportement addictifs. Les données présentées proviennent de l'enquête Health Behaviour in School-aged Children - HBSC de 2018. L’analyse porte sur les données de 6 880 jeunes de l‘enseignement secondaire âgés de 12 à 18 ans. Pour répondre à l’objectif, les jeunes ont été répartis en 3 groupes : 1) les jeunes qui n'ont jamais consommé du cannabis ; 2) les jeunes qui ont consommé du cannabis dans leur vie, mais pas au cours des 30 derniers jours (consommation passée) et ; 3) les jeunes qui ont consommé du cannabis au cours des 30 derniers jours (consommation actuelle). Les analyses descriptives montrent que parmi les participants, 82 % n'ont jamais consommé du cannabis, 9 % en ont consommé dans le passé et 9 % en consomment actuellement. À l’aide des analyses de régression logistique multinomiales, le lien entre la consommation de cannabis et une série de variables sociodémographiques, des comportements à risque, le soutien social, le milieu scolaire et la santé et le bien-être a été analysé, afin d'explorer les facteurs sociodémographiques, de risque et de protections associés à la consommation de cannabis. Les seuls facteurs qui restent significatifs pour la consommation de cannabis sont l'âge, le genre, la situation familiale, la consommation de tabac, la consommation d'alcool, la participation à des bagarres, la perception du soutien de la part des parents et des enseignants par les élèves. Toutefois, l'âge et la consommation actuelle de tabac sont les facteurs les plus importants. Ainsi, en ce qui concerne les facteurs sociodémographiques, les garçons, les adolescents les plus âgés et ceux qui ne vivent pas avec leurs deux parents sont plus enclins à faire partie des groupes qui ont consommé du cannabis. L’augmentation des comportements à risque (fréquence plus élevée de consommation de tabac, d'alcool et de participation à des bagarres) se traduit par une plus grande probabilité de consommation de cannabis. De plus, les jeunes qui ont un comportement à risque ont tendance à opter pour d'autres comportements à risque. En revanche, le soutien perçu de la famille et le soutien perçu des enseignants sont des facteurs protégeant de la consommation de cannabis. Ainsi, les élèves qui se sentent soutenus par leurs parents et leurs enseignants sont moins enclins à consommer du cannabis. Il est donc pertinent d'adapter les méthodes de prévention de la consommation de cannabis en fonction de l'âge et du genre, et d’axer les approches de prévention sur ceux qui considèrent sa consommation comme l’un des éléments d'un comportement à risque global plutôt que celles ciblant uniquement cette substance. En effet, les modèles de prévention qui visent à promouvoir un comportement global plus soucieux de la santé semblent être plus efficaces. [less ▲]

Problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Schulalter in Luxembourg – Ergebnisse der HBSC Umfrage 2018

Report (2022)

Insbesondere unter Jugendlichen hat die Nutzung sozialer Medien in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Wenn die Nutzung Merkmale einer Sucht aufweist (z.B. Gewöhnung und sozialer Rückzug), dann wird von einer ... [more ▼]

Insbesondere unter Jugendlichen hat die Nutzung sozialer Medien in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Wenn die Nutzung Merkmale einer Sucht aufweist (z.B. Gewöhnung und sozialer Rückzug), dann wird von einer problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien gesprochen – im Folgenden PSMU genannt. Dieser Kurzbericht gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie häufig PSMU unter luxemburgischen Schülern vorkommt und welche Merkmale mit einem höheren Risiko für PSMU einhergehen. Dazu wurden Daten der luxemburgischen Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC)-Studie 2018 ausgewertet, an der 8 687 Jugendliche im Alter von 11 bis 18 Jahren teilnahmen. Laut dieser Umfrage liegt die Häufigkeit von PSMU in dieser Altersgruppe bei 5,9 %. Eine Reihe von Merkmalen aus den Bereichen Soziodemografie, soziale Unterstützung, Wohlbefinden und Mediennutzung wurden als potenzielle Risikofaktoren untersucht. PSMU tritt häufiger bei Mädchen und jüngeren Schülern sowie bei Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund auf. Bei Schülern, die bei beiden Elternteilen aufwachsen, ist PSMU seltener im Vergleich zu Schülern, die bei Alleinerziehenden oder in anderen Familienkonstellationen aufwachsen. Ein Vergleich der Risikofaktoren hat ergeben, dass das Alter, Cybermobbing, Stress, psychosomatische Beschwerden, eine Vorliebe für Online-Interaktion und die Intensität der Kommunikation über elektronische Medien die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren sind. Das Risiko für einen problematischen Umgang mit sozialen Medien ist somit höher bei jüngeren Schülern; Schülern, die andere online mobben; gestressten Schülern; Schülern mit häufigen psychosomatischen Beschwerden; Schülern, die Online-Kommunikation gegenüber einer Kommunikation in der realen Welt vorziehen sowie Schülern, die elektronische Medien generell häufig nutzen. Speziell zur Prävention von PSMU haben sich noch keine Maßnahmen etabliert, aber es gibt gut erforschte Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Internetsucht, die sich in abgewandelter Form möglicherweise auch bei PSMU eignen. [less ▲]

Report on virtual shareholder meetings and efficient shareholder communication

Report (2022)

In 2021, the European Commission requested ICLEG to consider the issue of virtual shareholder meetings and efficient shareholder communication in the framework of Action 12 of the 2020 Capital Markets ... [more ▼]

In 2021, the European Commission requested ICLEG to consider the issue of virtual shareholder meetings and efficient shareholder communication in the framework of Action 12 of the 2020 Capital Markets Union Action Plan, and five ICLEG members (Mónica Fuentes Naharro, Marco Lamandini, Lina Mikaloniené, Christoph Teichmann and Martin Winner) were charged with producing a report on behalf of the Group. Gerald Spindler provided expertise on this work as observer. After consultation within the Group, this report reflects the advice of ICLEG to the European Commission as to matters that ICLEG believe merit further consideration. [less ▲]

PROJECT DASHBOARD

Report (2022)

4th deliverable SCRIPT Project

REPORT OF DATA FUSION AND EVALUATION

Report (2022)

The third deliverable for the SCRIPT Project

Young People and COVID-19: Social, Economic, and Health Consequences of Infection Prevention and Control Measures among Young People in Luxembourg – Technical Report 2021 Longitudinal Survey

Report (2022)

Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2021 – Luxembourg

Report (2022)

The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum presents the statistical trends and developments in migration, asylum and integration, changes in legislation or policies, and it traces significant national ... [more ▼]

The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum presents the statistical trends and developments in migration, asylum and integration, changes in legislation or policies, and it traces significant national debates, which occurred in Luxembourg during the year 2021. Several of the most notable changes and debates in Luxembourg during the year of 2021 were of legislative nature: The Law of 16 June 2021 amending the Immigration Law entered into force on 5 July 2021. This law changes the legislation on immigration, by lightening the administrative burden for third-country nationals, and by altering certain provisions relating to intra-corporate transferees, trainees and family reunification. The Law of 16 June 2021 amending the Asylum Law entered into force on 5 July 2021. This law modifies the remedies available to applicants for international protection (AIPs). It increases their effectiveness and guarantees maximum legal certainty in the context of transfers under the Dublin Regulation, as well as in the case of final decisions to close proceedings on an application for international protection and of decisions to withdraw international protection. Bill 7844 was introduced to Parliament on 15 June 2021 to amend the amended Law of 8 March 2017 on Luxembourgish Nationality (hereinafter Nationality Law) and entered into force on 22 August as the Law of 30 July 2021. According to the Nationality Law, a candidate (a direct line descendant of a Luxembourg ancestor) for the recovery of Luxembourgish nationality must start to (re)claim her/his Luxembourg nationality before the registrar before 31 December 2022. In 2021, three noteworthy bills were introduced to parliament with their legislative procedure still ongoing at the time of writing.On 2 September 2021, the government introduced to Parliament Bill 7877, intending to amend the amended Electoral Law of 18 February 2003, hereinafter the Electoral Law. This bill intends to support political participation of the steadily growing number of non-Luxembourgish residents and it foresees the abolishment of the 5-year residency clause on active and passive voting rights for EU- and non-EU citizens residing in Luxembourg. Further, the date of closure for the registration on the electoral list before the elections for non-Luxembourg citizens to register on the municipal electoral rolls would be reduced from 87 days to 55 days. On 26 November 2021, the Government Council approved a bill proposing to amend the Immigration Law. This bill aims to ensure a more effective management of the removal of third-country nationals illegally residing on the territory by structuring the different categories of removal measures (mesures d’éloignement) in a clear and coherent way. On 19 January 2022 this bill was introduced to Parliament as Bill 7954. Bill 7881 on the exchange of information relating to nationals of countries outside the European Union as well as the European Criminal Records Information System (ECRIS) was introduced to Parliament on 10 September 2021. This system will make it possible to search for entries in the criminal records of third-country nationals against which court decisions have been issued by the criminal courts of other EU Member States. Several developments occurred with respect to integration in 2021. As already noted in the 2020 Annual Report on Migration and Asylum of the EMN Luxembourg, the Government plans to reform the amended Law of 16 December 2008 on the reception and integration of foreigners. Initial accompanying consultations have already been solicited in 2020 and this process continued in 2021. Multiple consultations with stakeholders from civil society, social partners and the municipalities took place and, in this context, the OECD-study “Towards a successful integration process: The functioning of the integration system and its actors in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg” was published on 25 November 2021. At the beginning of 2021, the Pact of Living Together (Pakt vum Zesummeliewen – PvZ) replaced the Communal Integration Plan (PCI) to create a more dynamic and multi-year integration process for a stronger inclusion of Luxembourg’s municipalities. Continuing education for Luxembourg residents has been made more accessible and additional courses, which are tailored to AIPs and beneficiaries of international protection (BIPs), have been included into the training portfolio of the Adult Education Service (SFA). Luxembourg has initiated the planning process of extending its current public health care system. It is foreseen to offer vulnerable population groups, who have not been covered to date, low-threshold easy access to health care. Further, Luxembourg has been reacting on the changing situation in Afghanistan since the takeover of power by the Taliban in August 2021. Luxembourg has halted decisions on applications for international protection by Afghans until sufficient reliable information will be available. Between the takeover of power through the Taliban in August until the end of 2021, 71 Afghan nationals have been granted international protection. This includes 45 Afghan nationals evacuated from Afghanistan. Luxembourg has further committed to resettle additional people. While the year 2021 continued to be marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, several important developments, such as the availability of vaccines and rapid tests, did redirect pandemic activity on to different paths than in 2020. The focus lay on testing as well as on getting everyone in Luxembourg, including AIPs and persons in a situation of irregular stay, vaccinated. Yet, Luxembourg’s only external border, that is Luxembourg’s international airport, remained closed for third-country nationals. Luxembourg’s entry regulations, which were adjusted multiple times and in a dynamic fashion in line with the evolution of the pandemic, however, created several exemptions that allowed for the entry of certain third-country nationals. As of 22 December 2021, this border closure was extended from 31 December 2021 to 31 March 2022 by means of Grand Ducal Regulation. For more information, please consult the attached report. [less ▲]

Young People and COVID-19: Social, Economic, and Health Consequences of Infection Prevention and Control Measures among Young People in Luxembourg – Technical Report 2020

Report (2022)

The Reactive Synthesis Competition (SYNTCOMP): 2018-2021

Report (2022)

We report on the last four editions of the reactive synthesis competition (SYNTCOMP 2018-2021). We briefly describe the evaluation scheme and the experimental setup of SYNTCOMP. Then, we introduce new ... [more ▼]

We report on the last four editions of the reactive synthesis competition (SYNTCOMP 2018-2021). We briefly describe the evaluation scheme and the experimental setup of SYNTCOMP. Then, we introduce new benchmark classes that have been added to the SYNTCOMP library and give an overview of the participants of SYNTCOMP. Finally, we present and analyze the results of our experimental evaluations, including a ranking of tools with respect to quantity and quality of solutions. [less ▲]

Forschungsbericht 2: Ergebnisse der Studie "Social Work Labour Market in Luxembourg" - Übergänge in den Arbeitsmarkt und berufliche Werdegänge der BSSE-Absolvent*innen der Universität Luxemburg.

Report (2022)

Absolute Gravity Measurements at the Alpine Research Centre in Obergurgl (Austria) in September 2021

Report (2022)

Interpretation and distinction between labour exploitation in the context of trafficking in human beings and particularly exploitative working conditions under the Employers Sanctions Directive

Report (2022)

The aim of this EMN Luxembourg inform is to map the Member States’ legislative and procedural frameworks with regards to the interpretation and distinction between “labour exploitation” which can be ... [more ▼]

The aim of this EMN Luxembourg inform is to map the Member States’ legislative and procedural frameworks with regards to the interpretation and distinction between “labour exploitation” which can be considered as trafficking in human beings covered by the Anti-trafficking Directive (Directive 2011/36/EU) and “particularly exploitative working conditions” under the Employers Sanctions Directive (Directive 2009/52/EC). [less ▲]

Feedback to the Guidelines 3/2022 on “Dark patterns in social media platform interfaces: How to recognise and avoid them”

Report (2022)

Systematic Identification of High "Value-Added" in Educational Contexts (SIVA)

Report (2022)

The aim of the SIVA project is to investigate differences between schools with stable high value-added (VA) scores to those with low or medium VA scores to learn about their effective pedagogical ... [more ▼]

The aim of the SIVA project is to investigate differences between schools with stable high value-added (VA) scores to those with low or medium VA scores to learn about their effective pedagogical strategies. We attempt to achieve this goal through classroom observations and questionnaires for students in grade 2, their parents, their teachers, as well as school presidents. More specifically, with the present study we want to learn from target schools with stable positive VA scores – a statistical method usually used to estimate schools' effectiveness. We will use VA modelling constructively to compare those schools identified as highly effective (i.e., with high VA scores) to schools with medium or low VA scores on variables such as pedagogical strategies, student background, and school climate. To this end, a mixed-methods design based on questionnaires, observations, and results from the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme ÉpStan (LUCET, 2021) will be applied. The content of the investigation is based on a synthesis of models of school learning and quality, focusing on aspects such as school organization or classroom management (e.g., Hattie, 2008; Helmke et al., 2008; Klieme et al., 2001) and is extended by specificities about the Luxembourgish school system, which are not represented in international school learning models (such as the division into two-year learning cycles, the multilingual school setting, and the diverse student population). With the aim to obtain a preferably broad picture, students, parents, teachers, school presidents and regional directors will be investigated. While parents, teachers, school presidents and regional directors can—as adults—fill out questionnaires individually, obtaining the opinion from children at such a young age can be challenging. The SIVA project tackles this issue by choosing item formats that are appealing and understandable for young children (see, e.g.,Lehnert, 2019), as well as by including classroom observations conducted by neutral educational experts (please, find both the questionnaires and observation sheets in the attachments). [less ▲]

Temporary Protection in the EU - State of Play

Report (2022)

On 24 February 2022, the armed forces of the Russian Federation launched an unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine. This was an unprecedented act of aggression against a sovereign and independent ... [more ▼]

On 24 February 2022, the armed forces of the Russian Federation launched an unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine. This was an unprecedented act of aggression against a sovereign and independent country and goes against fundamental principles of international law. It has been strongly condemned by the international community, including the European Union. As of mid-March, over three million Ukrainian and international refugees are fleeing the war to neighbouring EU and third countries (including Moldova). This massive inflow of Ukrainian refugees into the EU resulted in the Council adopting the implementing Decision 2022/382 of 4 March 2022, introducing temporary protection as a means of dealing with the crisis. [less ▲]

La COVID-19 au Luxembourg: Le gradient social de l'épidémie

Report (2022)

This report explores socio-economic and demographic disparities in COVID-19 health impacts in Luxembourg since March 2020. It describes variations in the risk of infections, hospitalizations and death ... [more ▼]

This report explores socio-economic and demographic disparities in COVID-19 health impacts in Luxembourg since March 2020. It describes variations in the risk of infections, hospitalizations and death across a number of socio-economic and demographic variables. It also examines variations in vaccination rates. It is part of the "Santé Pour Tous" project initiated by the Ministry of Health to under inequalities in health. [less ▲]

L'impact de la pandémie de la Covid-19 au Luxembourg en 2021 : Les enfants de 6 à 16 ans partagent leur bien-être subjectif et leurs expériences. Premiers résultats du projet COVID-Kids II

Report (2022)

Annual Report on Migration and Asylum Part 1 2021 Luxembourg

Report (2022)

KEY POINTS 1. The Law of 16 June 2021 amending the Immigration Law changes the legislation on immigration, by lightening the administrative burden for third-country nationals, and by altering certain ... [more ▼]

KEY POINTS 1. The Law of 16 June 2021 amending the Immigration Law changes the legislation on immigration, by lightening the administrative burden for third-country nationals, and by altering certain provisions relating to intercorporate transferees, trainees and family reunification. 2. The Law of 16 June 2021 amending the Asylum Law modifies the remedies available to applicants of international protection (AIPs). This law increases their effectiveness and guarantees maximum legal certainty in the context of transfers under the Dublin Regulation, as well as in the case of final decisions to close proceedings on an application for international protection and of decisions to withdraw international protection. 3. Bill 7877, introduced to Parliament on 2 September 2021, proposes abolishing the 5-year residency clause on active and passive voting rights in municipal elections for EU- and non-EU citizens residing in Luxembourg [less ▲]

The European archival landscape – A Conference on access and prevention strategies in archives and the impact on historical research

Report (2022)

An international conference on “Strategies of Blockade. Access to Archive Records in France and Germany in an International Perspective” took place in January 2022 in Paris. Researchers from the C²DH ... [more ▼]

An international conference on “Strategies of Blockade. Access to Archive Records in France and Germany in an International Perspective” took place in January 2022 in Paris. Researchers from the C²DH presented the current archive situation in Luxembourg and its impact on research in contemporary history. [less ▲]

„LetzCare“- ein Projekt zur Beurteilung der Arbeitsanforderungen im luxemburgischen Pflegesektor. Forschungsbericht zur ersten Onlinebefragung - Zwischenergebnisse

Report (2022)

Migrantenorganisationen und soziale Sicherung

Report (2022)

Dossier recherche : l’écosystème d’entrepreneuriat et l’écosystème digital

Report (2022)

Dossier recherche : l’écosystème d’entrepreneuriat et l’écosystème digital

Education for environmental sustainability : policies and approaches in European Union Member States. Policy and Research Mapping Report for Luxembourg.

Report (2022)

The European Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight that education, including re-/up-skilling, is crucial in order to transition to environmental sustainability. Education has an ... [more ▼]

The European Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight that education, including re-/up-skilling, is crucial in order to transition to environmental sustainability. Education has an essential role to play by supporting citizens in developing the competences needed to live responsibly, change consumption models, design solutions, transform society and shape a green economy. In the context of the EU’s efforts to promote a sustainable and green Europe, the purpose of this study is to map EU Member States’ national and institutional practices, processes, tools and strategies in education for environmental sustainability (EES) at various levels and in different forms of education. The study will help inform the actions of the European Commission with regard to education for environmental sustainability and policy for the implementation of the European Education Area and the European ‘Green Deal’. [less ▲]

Stresstest für die Jugendmobilität im Grenzraum. Grenzüberschreitende Berufsausbildung und Studium während der Pandemie – Erfahrungen und Perspektiven

Report (2022)

The cross-border study looks at young people who, in retrospect, were granted virtually no consideration in the pandemic. First of all, the authors analyse the impact of the pandemic on vocational ... [more ▼]

The cross-border study looks at young people who, in retrospect, were granted virtually no consideration in the pandemic. First of all, the authors analyse the impact of the pandemic on vocational training across the German-French border. They base their findings on a number of interviews, which provide insights into the dynamics of cross-border cooperation in the vocational field at a time which was characterised not only by Covid-19, but also by institutional restructuring. The authors then go on to present the results of their own survey of students on bachelor's and master's courses in the border areas of the Greater Region. The survey was coordinated by Saarland University and provides information on the physical and virtual mobility of students, on their social contacts and their counselling and support needs during 2020 and 2021. The results are illustrated with concrete examples from students on the tri-national UniGR master's course in Border Studies. [less ▲]

The evolving key risks in the banking sector, and related priorities for the SRB

Report (2022)

Inclusive Green Finance Roadmap

Report (2022)