The War of Rare Earth Elements: A Dynamic Game Approach

E-print/Working paper (2019)

Rare earth elements govern today’s high-tech world and are deemed to be essential for the attainment of sustainable development goals. Since the 1990s, these elements have been predominantly supplied by ... [more ▼]

Rare earth elements govern today’s high-tech world and are deemed to be essential for the attainment of sustainable development goals. Since the 1990s, these elements have been predominantly supplied by one single actor, China. However, due to the increasing global relevance of their availability, other countries are now encouraged to enter the market. The objective of this paper is to analyze the strategic interactions among (potential) suppliers. In particular, we are interested in (1) the optimal timing for a newcomer (e.g. the U.S.) to enter the market, (2) the incumbent’s (i.e. China’s) optimal behavior, and (3) the cost-efficiency of cooperative vs. competitive market relations. By setting up a continuous-time dynamic game model, we show that (1) the newcomer should postpone the production launch until its rare earth reserves coincide with those of the incumbent, (2) the incumbent should strive for a late market entry and therefore keep its monopolistic resource extraction at the lowest possible level, (3) compared to the payoffs under competition, cooperation leads to a Pareto improvement when started at an early stage. The findings of our model are particularly relevant for the rational strategic positioning of the two great powers, America and China. [less ▲]

WARCnet WG2 activities: a report

Scientific Conference (2021, November 03)

Warehousing asylum seekers: The logistification of reception

in Environment and Planning. D, Society and Space (2022), 40(1), 41-59

This article employs the analytical perspective of logistics to explore a key, yet quite overlooked, aspect of the functioning of the EU border regime: the reception and associated territorial ... [more ▼]

This article employs the analytical perspective of logistics to explore a key, yet quite overlooked, aspect of the functioning of the EU border regime: the reception and associated territorial distribution of newly arrived asylum seekers. Drawing on qualitative data collected at the height of ‘refugee reception crisis’ in multiple contexts in Italy and Sweden, the article shows how reception is undergoing a process of ‘logistification’. In this process, organisational and logistical concerns prevail over the care for those who are assisted, and reception is turned into a logistical matter of moving and accommodating asylum seekers. Crucial to this process of ‘logistification’ is the warehousing of asylum seekers – an art of government that seeks to objectify asylum seekers through their depersonalisation, victimisation and (im)mobilisation. The article argues that the ‘logistification’ of reception not only has dehumanising effects on asylum seekers, but also exposes the attempt to make profit out their management and transfer. This creates the conditions for the development of a reception industry in which the very presence of asylum seekers is valorised for the profit of a whole range of actors who ensure the reproduction, transfer, knowledge and control of those hosted in reception facilities. [less ▲]

Wargames

in Flintrop, Michael (Ed.) John Badham. Blick und Bewegung (2022)

The Waring problem for Lie groups and Chevalley groups

in Israel Journal of Mathematics (2015), 210(1), 81-100

WARLUX nodegoat database, on recruits of Schifflange/Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History/University of Luxembourg

Computer development (2023)

Project WARLUX - Soldiers and their communities in WWII: The impact and legacy of war experiences in Luxembourg is a research project based at the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History ... [more ▼]

Project WARLUX - Soldiers and their communities in WWII: The impact and legacy of war experiences in Luxembourg is a research project based at the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C²DH) (University of Luxembourg). The projects focuses on the war experiences of male Luxembourgers born between 1920 and 1927 who were recruited and conscripted into Nazi German services (Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) and Wehrmacht) under the Nazi occupation in Luxembourg during the Second World War. Publication of a pseudonymized dataset. [less ▲]

Wärmemarktstudie für das Großherzogtum Luxemburg - Eine Analyse des Wärmemarktes im Kontext nationaler Rahmenbedingungen und energiepolitischer Zielsetzungen

in Bauphysik (2021), 42(6),

In 2020 hat Luxemburg seinen Klimaplan für den Zeitraum 2021 bis 2030 beschlossen, welcher ehrgeizige Ziele für den Wärmesektor enthält. Die Datenlage im Wärmesektor, vor allem bei der ... [more ▼]

In 2020 hat Luxemburg seinen Klimaplan für den Zeitraum 2021 bis 2030 beschlossen, welcher ehrgeizige Ziele für den Wärmesektor enthält. Die Datenlage im Wärmesektor, vor allem bei der Schlüsseltechnologie Wärmepumpe, ist jedoch unzureichend, zum Nachteil aller beteiligten Akteure. Die Universität Luxemburg hat deshalb eine Wärmemarktstudie erstellt, die Verkaufszahlen nationaler Hersteller und Händler im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2018 auswertet und auf diese Weise wesentliche Trends im Hinblick auf die Klimaziele aufzeigt. Die Auswertung zeigt signifikante Unterschiede zur bisherigen Datenlage bei Wärmepumpen, die sich aufgrund der Nichtinanspruchnahme der staatlichen Förderung ergeben. Insgesamt werden deutlich mehr Anlagen installiert als bisher angenommen Der Absatz fossiler Heizkessel ist konstant, wobei eine Verschiebung des Energieträgers von Öl zu Erdgas zu verzeichnen ist. Der allgemeine Trend bewegt sich in Richtung der gesteckten Ziele. Dennoch besteht signifikanter Handlungsbedarf, da zum Erreichen der nationalen Klimaziele u. a. ein jährliches Wachstum des Luxemburger Wärmepumpenmarktes von 16 % bis 2030 angenommen wurde. [less ▲]

Warning labels formulated as questions positively influence smoking related risk perception

in Journal of Health Psychology (2013), 18

Research on warning labels printed on cigarette packages has shown that fear inducing health warnings might provoke defensive responses. This study investigated whether reformulating statements into ... [more ▼]

Research on warning labels printed on cigarette packages has shown that fear inducing health warnings might provoke defensive responses. This study investigated whether reformulating statements into questions could avoid defensive reactions. Smokers were presented with either warning labels formulated as questions, textual warning labels, graphic warning labels, or no warning labels. Participants’ smoking-related risk perception was higher after exposure to warning labels formulated as questions or no warning labels than after exposure to textual or graphic warning labels. These results indicate that reformulating statements into questions can avoid defensive responses elicited by textual- and graphic warning labels. [less ▲]

Warrior candidates: Do voters value combat experience in postwar elections?

in Political Research Quarterly (2022), 75(4), 950-965

Electoral competition in postwar societies is often dominated by war veterans. The question whether voters actually reward candidates’ records of war service, however, remains open. We answer it using a ... [more ▼]

Electoral competition in postwar societies is often dominated by war veterans. The question whether voters actually reward candidates’ records of war service, however, remains open. We answer it using a unique dataset with detailed information on the records of combat service of nearly four thousand candidates in two cycles of parliamentary elections held under proportional representation rules with preferential voting in Croatia. Our analysis shows war veterans’ electoral performance to be conditional on the voters’ communities’ exposure to war violence: combat veterans receive a sizeable electoral bonus in areas whose populations were more exposed to war violence, but are penalized in areas whose populations avoided destruction. This divergence is particularly pronounced for candidates of nationalist rightwing parties, demonstrating the importance of the interaction between lived war experiences and political ideology in postwar societies. [less ▲]

Warum das elektronische Sprachenlernen (immer noch) nicht sehr erfolgreich ist! e-Learning - Blended Learning - Open Learning Environments: Aber bitte mit Lernberatung!

in ÖDaF-Mitteilungen (2009), (1), 48-54