L'utilisation politique de l'histoire par le Parlement européen

Article for general public (2019)

A utility-based dynamic demand estimation model that explicitly accounts for activity scheduling and duration

in Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice (2018)

This paper proposes a Dynamic Demand Estimation (DODE) framework that explicitly accounts for activity scheduling and duration. By assuming a Utility-Based departure time choice model, the time-dependent ... [more ▼]

This paper proposes a Dynamic Demand Estimation (DODE) framework that explicitly accounts for activity scheduling and duration. By assuming a Utility-Based departure time choice model, the time-dependent OD flow becomes a function, whose parameters are those of the utility function(s) within the departure time choice model. In this way, the DODE is solved using a parametric approach, which, on one hand, has less variables to calibrate with respect to the classical bi-level formulation while, on the other hand, it accounts for different trip purposes. Properties of the model are analytically and numerically discussed, showing that the model is more suited for estimating the systematic component of the demand with respect to the standard GLS formulation. Differently from similar approaches in literature, which rely on agent-based microsimulators and require expensive survey data, the proposed framework is applicable with all those DTA models, which are based on OD matrix, and do not necessarily need any data at user level. This has been proven by applying the proposed approach with a standard macroscopic realistic Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) [less ▲]

Utilization of drug sales data for the epidemiology of chronic diseases: the example of diabetes

in Epidemiology (1993), 4

An indirect method for estimating the prevalence rates of chronic diseases that are treated by specific drugs was proposed in 1988 to European countries in the framework of a European Community concerted ... [more ▼]

An indirect method for estimating the prevalence rates of chronic diseases that are treated by specific drugs was proposed in 1988 to European countries in the framework of a European Community concerted action on diabetes epidemiology. Data on consumption of antidiabetic drugs were collected at the national level in nine countries and at a regional level in two. Using official drug sales data and recent demographic data, we estimated the diabetes prevalence rates in each country or region. The estimated diabetes prevalence in Europe varied from 1.6% in Northern Ireland to 4.7% in Malta. In four countries that already had diabetes prevalence data, the estimation through drug consumption provided figures 3-20% lower than those from field surveys. This study showed a large variety of prescribing habits for diabetic patients in Europe (for example, the proportion of insulin-treated patients varies from 13% to 36%) and underscores the need for a consensus on antidiabetic treatments based on valid clinical research. The proposed approach does not replace field surveys but provides an inexpensive and practical marker of disease frequency and therapeutic attitudes over space and time. [less ▲]

Utilization of Scenarios in European Electricity Policy: The Ten-Year Network Development Plan

in OIES Paper (2018)

The transformation of the European Union’s energy sector poses a number of challenges to the European electricity system. Above all, both the anticipated increase of intermittent electricity from ... [more ▼]

The transformation of the European Union’s energy sector poses a number of challenges to the European electricity system. Above all, both the anticipated increase of intermittent electricity from renewable sources and the completion of the internal energy market while guaranteeing a secure supply require an extensive development of electricity infrastructure at the European level. Nevertheless, Europe’s future electricity system entails numerous uncertainties. For example, the definite amount and the location of both electricity generation and consumption are unpredictable. In order to address these ambiguities, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) develops the two-yearly Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP). By exploring different plausible future paths using scenarios, the TYNDP aims to identify key infrastructure projects – namely transmission lines and cross-border interconnectors – for the future electricity system. In this capacity, the TYNDP is the central planning tool for European grid infrastructure. This paper explores whether the TYNDP effectively provides a solid planning foundation for future grid investments. For this end, the TYNDPs 2012-2018 are investigated in the light of European energy policies, and their utilization by stakeholders is scrutinized. The paper argues that an existing policy congruence and the strong link to the Projects of Common Interest (PCI) confine the TYNDP solely to the hardware of the electricity system. This in turn profoundly limits the TYNDP’s effectiveness as a strategic planning tool. Hence, a closer connection to the software components of the anticipated European electricity system – namely the future market design and (European) regulations – would further allow for a holistic planning and evaluation of future electricity infrastructure projects. [less ▲]

Utilizing Dynamic Hazard Knowledge for Risk Sensitive Action Planning of Autonomous Robots

in IEEE Int. Symposium on Robotics and Sensor Environments ROSE, Magdeburg, Germany, 2012 (2012)

Autonomous robots are required to perform tasks in complex and dynamic environments. For this class of systems, traditional safety assuring methods are not satisfying due to the unknown effects of the ... [more ▼]

Autonomous robots are required to perform tasks in complex and dynamic environments. For this class of systems, traditional safety assuring methods are not satisfying due to the unknown effects of the interacting system with an open environment. Briefly speaking: What is not known during the development phase can not be adequately considered. In order to tackle this problem, it is proposed to extend the safety measures with the so-called dynamic risk assessment. Therefore, the anticipatory capability of a Cognitive Technical System, the so-called mental action space, is utilized. The mental action space, a learned internal representation for possible courses of action, is dynamically assessed. The proposed dynamic risk assessment module provides this functionality. The core are quantitative risk models, so-called ‘safety principles’, which can be specified during the system’s design stage without losing the possibility to be adjusted or extended during the system’s operating time. Finally, an exemplary application of the approach shows a robot, enabled to safely plan and perform its tasks concerning risks arising due to interaction of robot and environment. [less ▲]

Utilizing the Krafft phenomenon to generate ideal micelle-free surfactant-stabilized nanoparticle suspensions

in Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2012), 51(13), 3254-3257

Utopia: Gesamtkunstwerk

Book published by Corner House (2012)

Utopia Gesamtkunstwerk attempts to analyse a phenomenon, which has been hotly debated for more than 100 years. Avant-garde art, in which the idea of the Gesamtkunstwerk (total/universal art-form) came ... [more ▼]

Utopia Gesamtkunstwerk attempts to analyse a phenomenon, which has been hotly debated for more than 100 years. Avant-garde art, in which the idea of the Gesamtkunstwerk (total/universal art-form) came into bloom, has installed a first shift in meaning of the term as a unit of art and life. This publication and the exhibition Utopia Gesamtkunstwerk (21er Haus, Vienna, 20 January - 20 May 2012) begins where Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk ended (Harald Szeemann's landmark show he curated in 1983). Featuring more than 50 artists from the 1950s until today it presents a new views on the phenomenon. A comprehensive display, conceived by the artist Esther Stocker for Utopia Gesamtkunstwerk, serves as a stage for works by Marc Adrian, Klaus Auderer, Josef Bauer, Joseph Beuys, Monica Bonvicini, Christian Boltanski, Marcel Broodthaers, Günter Brus, Daniel Buren, Tom Burr, Ernst Caramelle, Bernhard Cella, Cityrama, Heinz Emigholz, VALIE EXPORT, Claire Fontaine, Peter Friedl, gelatin, Inspection Medical Hermeneutics (Pavel Pepperstein, Sergej Anufriew), Isa Genzken, Liam Gillick, Franz Graf, Thomas Hirschhorn, Julia Hohenwarter, Hans Hollein, Christian Jankowski, Ilya Kabakov, Tillman Kaiser, Jean Kalman, Ian Kiaer, Friedrich Kiesler, Martin Kippenberger, Mahony, Gordon Matta-Clark, Ralo Mayer, Paul McCarthy, Jonathan Meese, Hermann Nitsch, Oswald Oberhuber, Hermann Painitz, Seb Patane, Helga Philipp, Walter Pichler, Marjetica Potrc, Jason Rhoades, Thiago Rocha Pitta, Gerwald Rockenschaub, Constanze Ruhm, Gerhard Rühm, Markus Schinwald, Jörg Schlick, Christoph Schlingensief, Gregor Schneider, SUPERFLEX, Una Szeemann, Peter Weibel, Franz West, WochenKlausur, Fritz Wotruba, Heimo Zobernig and others. [less ▲]

Utopisches Schreiben über Gender und Bildung - eine experimentelle Arbeit über experimentelle Diskurse

in KULT_online (2013), 36

A UX Approach to Privacy and Security: the Impact of User, Contextual and System-Related Factors

in CHI Workshop Exploring Individual Diffferences in Privacy (2018, April)

This position paper lays out current and future studies which we conduct on the UX aspects of security and privacy, our goal being to understand which factors influence privacy-related decision-making. We ... [more ▼]

This position paper lays out current and future studies which we conduct on the UX aspects of security and privacy, our goal being to understand which factors influence privacy-related decision-making. We advocate using UX design methods in order to study interindividual differences, system-related and contextual factors involved in privacy and security attitudes and behaviors. These results will contribute to user-tailored and personalized privacy initiatives and guide the design of future technologies. [less ▲]

UX-Maturity: Mensch im Fokus, Erfolg im Visier

Article for general public (2021)

User experience (UX) is a key success factor in the design of digital products and services. However, companies and other organizations are at different stages when it comes to aligning their processes ... [more ▼]

User experience (UX) is a key success factor in the design of digital products and services. However, companies and other organizations are at different stages when it comes to aligning their processes for a positive UX. UX maturity models help to identify where an organization stands in terms of UX maturity. How can companies use this to systematically design for positive UX and turn it into business advantages? [less ▲]