Les usages des travaux préparatoires des lois au Luxembourg (le bon, le mauvais et l’indicible)

in Pasicrisie Luxembourgeoise: Recueil Trimestriel de la Jurisprudence Luxembourgeoise (2021), 39

USB Drop Attacks

Article for general public (2023)

The use and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: a randomised controlled trial

in Diabetologia (2012), 55(12), 3155-3162

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 ... [more ▼]

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 diabetes. Methods Children and adults (n = 153) on CSII with HbA1c 7.5–9.5% (58.5–80.3 mmol/mol) were randomised to (CGM) a Sensor On or Sensor Off arm for 6 months. After 4 months’ washout, participants crossed over to the other arm for 6 months. Paediatric and adult participants were separately electronically randomised through the case report form according to a predefined randomisation sequence in eight secondary and tertiary centres. The primary outcome was the difference in HbA1c levels between arms after 6 months. Results Seventy-seven participants were randomised to the On/Off sequence and 76 to the Off/On sequence; all were included in the primary analysis. The mean difference in HbA1c was –0.43% (–4.74 mmol/mol) in favour of the Sensor On arm (8.04% [64.34 mmol/mol] vs 8.47% [69.08 mmol/mol]; 95% CI −0.32%, −0.55% [−3.50, −6.01 mmol/mol]; p < 0.001). Following cessation of glucose sensing, HbA1c reverted to baseline levels. Less time was spent with sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/l during the Sensor On arm than in the Sensor Off arm (19 vs 31 min/day; p = 0.009). The mean number of daily boluses increased in the Sensor On arm (6.8 ± 2.5 vs 5.8 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001), together with the frequency of use of the temporary basal rate (0.75 ± 1.11 vs 0.26 ± 0.47, p < 0.0001) and manual insulin suspend (0.91 ± 1.25 vs 0.70 ± 0.75, p < 0.018) functions. Four vs two events of severe hypoglycaemia occurred in the Sensor On and Sensor Off arm, respectively (p = 0.40). Conclusions/interpretation Continuous glucose monitoring was associated with decreased HbA1c levels and time spent in hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using CSII. More frequent self-adjustments of insulin therapy may have contributed to these effects. [less ▲]

Use of a Computed Tomography Based Approach to Validate Noninvasive Devices to Measure Rotational Knee Laxity

in International Scholarly Research Notices (2015)

The purpose of this study is to validate a noninvasive rotational knee laxity measuring device called “Rotameter P2” with an approach based on Computed Tomography (CT). This CT-approach using X-rays is ... [more ▼]

The purpose of this study is to validate a noninvasive rotational knee laxity measuring device called “Rotameter P2” with an approach based on Computed Tomography (CT). This CT-approach using X-rays is hence invasive and can be regarded as a precise reference method that may also be applied to similar devices. An error due to imperfect femur fixation was observed but can be neglected for small torques. The most significant estimation error is due to the unavoidable soft tissues rotation and hence flexibility in the measurement chain. The error increases with the applied torque.The assessment showed that the rotational knee angle measured with the Rotameter is still overestimated because of thigh and femur displacement, soft tissues deformation, and measurement artefacts adding up to a maximum of 285% error at +15Nm for the Internal Rotation of female volunteers. This may be questioned if such noninvasive devices for measuring the Tibia-Femoral Rotation (TFR) can help diagnosing knee pathologies and investigate ligament reconstructive surgery. [less ▲]

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary and Its Compliance with the Right to a Fair Trial

in Journal of Judicial Administration (2022), 31(3), 154-168

European courts are increasingly investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for the automation of the administration of justice, to improve the efficiency and quality of the judiciary. However ... [more ▼]

European courts are increasingly investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for the automation of the administration of justice, to improve the efficiency and quality of the judiciary. However, AI can display considerable issues, such as opaqueness and unfair bias, resulting from the defective designing of their algorithms. This article explores the opportunities and risks of AI technology for court users – including judicial staff, legal representatives and litigants – by investigating proposed and developed applications by European judiciaries under the right to a fair trial. AI is found to pose certain risks to the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, as well as to the adversarial and public character of court proceedings, notwithstanding the opportunities for the improvement of access to courts. The regulatory solutions for the safe use of AI adopted by European judiciaries can encourage similar practices in other judiciaries, including Australia and the United States. [less ▲]

The use of augmented reality, digital and physical modelling in schooling at home in early childhood in Echternach

Scientific Conference (2020, November 12)

During the confinement of COVID-19, many efforts were made by teachers in elementary school to switch from in-school to schooling at home (Kreis et al., 2020). The use of educational technology in early ... [more ▼]

During the confinement of COVID-19, many efforts were made by teachers in elementary school to switch from in-school to schooling at home (Kreis et al., 2020). The use of educational technology in early childhood (cycle 1), however, is not yet a common practice in elementary schools in Luxemburg. Participation in online video conferences or the use of educational technologies relied in early childhood in significant parts on the disponibility and skills of parents. Younger students were experiencing difficulties in following-up courses requests in schooling at home. From previous research (Haas et al., In Preparation), we designed a conceptual framework on parent assisted remote teaching. Hence, we used these findings to work with 12 early childhood students (ages 4-6), their teachers and parents in schooling at home. Based on the four basic principles of Dienes’s theory of mathematics in physical and digital modelling (Lieban, 2019), we created mathematical modelling tasks with TinkerCad. During two weeks, we collected data through chat responses, web meetings and observations. In this presentation, we will explain insights and how further tasks in schooling at home in early childhood could benefit from this experience. [less ▲]

Use of commercial simulation software for analyzing the dynamics of an injection-molding clamp unit

Doctoral thesis (2006)

Today, the interest in integrated dynamic analysis of mechatronic systems increases. Different approaches are possible depending on the nature of the system, on the required complexity of the model, or ... [more ▼]

Today, the interest in integrated dynamic analysis of mechatronic systems increases. Different approaches are possible depending on the nature of the system, on the required complexity of the model, or simply on the tools available to the engineer. During this work, the aim was to implement specialized commercial simulation software packages and to combine them in order to simulate the dynamic behavior of mechatronic systems as for example an injection molding machine. The multi-body simulation software is the backbone of the current analysis as it inherently models large non-linear motions. It is possible to account for the flexibility of components in the MBS model if necessary. Furthermore, other simulation codes were used to model the hydraulic and controls systems. The case studies show the interest and the potential of a combined analysis of mechatronic systems. Once the different sub-models, generated with the adequate simulation tool, have been successfully linked and validated by measurements, various scenarios can be simulated and analyzed. The model provides the engineer with an additional insight into the overall system and thus with a better understanding of its dynamic characteristics. The interactions between the subsystems, which may be of very distinctive nature, can be investigated. Generally, it is difficult to predict such relations intuitively. Finally, the model allows to simulate with different design parameters and to asses the effect of modifications to these on the overall performance of the machine. This helps to identify the significant parameters that are crucial for an optimized functioning. [less ▲]

The Use of Copyrighted Technical Standards in the Operationalisation of European Union Law: The Status Quo Position of the General Court in Public.Resources.Org (T-185/19)

in European Journal of Risk Regulation (2022)

The use of GPS horizontals for loading studies, with applications to northern California and southeast Greenland

in Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth (2013), 118

We describe how GPS measurements of horizontal crustal motion can be used to augment vertical crustal motion measurements, to improve and extend GPS studies of surface loading. We show that the ratio of ... [more ▼]

We describe how GPS measurements of horizontal crustal motion can be used to augment vertical crustal motion measurements, to improve and extend GPS studies of surface loading. We show that the ratio of the vertical displacement to the horizontal displacement, combined with the direction of the horizontal motion, can help determine whether nearby loading is concentrated in a small region (for example, in a single lake or glacier), and where that region is. We illustrate this method by applying it to two specific cases: an analysis of GPS data from northern California to monitor the level of Lake Shasta, and the analysis of data from a single GPS site in southeast Greenland to determine mass variability of two large, nearby outlet glaciers: Helheim Glacier and Midgaard Glacier. The California example serves largely as a proof-of-concept, where the results can be assessed by comparing with independent observations (Lake Shasta tide gauge data, in this case). Our Greenland results show that both Helheim and Midgaard have experienced notable interannual variations in mass loss rate over the last decade. Helheim’s mass loss accelerated rapidly in mid-2003, decelerated in late 2005, and increased again in 2008–2009 before returning to about its pre-2003 rate in late 2010. Midgaard’s mass loss accelerated in mid-2004, and remained more-or-less constant before returning to its pre-2003 rate in late 2008. [less ▲]

Use of insulin pump therapy in the pediatric age-group: consensus statement from the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, endorsed by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

in Diabetes Care (2007), 30(6), 1653