Urban Structures with Forward and Backward Linkages

E-print/Working paper (2017)

We study urban structures driven by demand and vertical linkages in the presence of increasing returns to scale. Individuals consume local urban varieties and firms use these varieties to produce a ... [more ▼]

We study urban structures driven by demand and vertical linkages in the presence of increasing returns to scale. Individuals consume local urban varieties and firms use these varieties to produce a national good. We prove the existence of a spatial equilibrium and obtain an invariance result according to which more intense demand or vertical linkages have the same effect on the urban structure as lower commuting costs. Various urban configurations can emerge exhibiting a monocentric, an integrated, a duocentric, or a partially integrated city structure. We discuss the role of commuting and transport costs, intensities of demand and vertical linkages, and urbanization in affecting these patterns. We show that multiple equilibria may arise in equilibrium involving the monocentric city and up to a couple of duocentric and partially integrated structures. [less ▲]

“Urban-Rural” Dynamics and Indigenous Urbanization: The Case of Inuit Language Use in Ottawa

in Journal of Language, Identity and Education (2014)

The establishment of cities in Canada has played a pivotal role in the displacement, dispossession, and marginalization of Indigenous peoples. Yet, more than half of the Indigenous population now resides ... [more ▼]

The establishment of cities in Canada has played a pivotal role in the displacement, dispossession, and marginalization of Indigenous peoples. Yet, more than half of the Indigenous population now resides in cities, and urbanization continues to increase. This paper addresses a specific aspect of Inuit mobility—namely, migration and the dynamic use of Inuit language and knowledge in the city of Ottawa. Drawing on community-based participatory research in collaboration with an Ottawa Inuit literacy centre, we investigate a range of Inuit-led educational practices that emerged from collaborative work with a group of Inuit women. Suggested activities drew on semiotic resources—including objects and language—that involved retracing the migrational trajectories of Inuit between cities and between nonurban communities, particularly those in their Arctic “homelands.” Such practices appear to cut across the “urban-rural divide,” particularly since cities were rarely mentioned, a fact that seems to signal the irrelevance of this dichotomy for urban Inuit. In this context, the exploration of artifactual literacies—more specifically, speaker interactions that unfold around culturally meaningful objects—led to the following conclusions: (1) multilingual oracy is key to complex transcontextual meaning making; (2) spatiotemporal reference is anchored both in individual experience and in connectivity with members of a newly constituted community; and (3) there is a sharing of cross-generational horizontal knowledge, which includes the abstention from any enforcement of a linguistic norm. [less ▲]

Un urbanisme sans ‘histoires’ : l’amélioration des conditions de vie dans l’habitat des réfugiés palestiniens à Amman

in Matthey, Laurent; Mager, Christophe; Gaillard, David (Eds.) et al Faire des histoires ? Du récit d’urbanisme à l’urbanisme fictionnel (2013)

Urbanität im ländlichen Raum am Beispiel von Wohnmigration im deutsch-luxemburgischen Grenzraum

Scientific Conference (2013, June)

Urbanization and growth

in Journal of Urban Economics (2004), 56(1), 80-96

In a simple urban economics framework, we aim at highlighting how the trade-off between optimal and equilibrium city size behaves when introducing dynamic human capital externalities beside the classical ... [more ▼]

In a simple urban economics framework, we aim at highlighting how the trade-off between optimal and equilibrium city size behaves when introducing dynamic human capital externalities beside the classical congestion externalities. Our purpose is to show that there are dynamic gains from oversized cities. To this end, we assume that productivity depends on human capital, which is solely accumulated in cities, such that urbanization is the engine of growth. In an empirical illustration, we highlight the link between urbanization and human capital accumulation, by focusing on cross-country panel data.<P>(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) [less ▲]

Urbanization, Urban Concentration and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

in Urban Studies (2007), 44(13), 2499-2510

"Urheimat" und "Kulturnation": Heimat und nationale Identität in Richard Wagners Essay "Was ist deutsch?"

in Carstensen, Thorsten; Kohns, Oliver (Eds.) Heimat in Literatur und Kultur : neue Perspektiven (2023)

Urinary LRRK2 phosphorylation: Penetrating the thicket of Parkinson disease?

in Neurology (2016)

Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien, t. XI/3, Die Urkunden Johanns, König von Böhmen und Graf von Luxemburg/Les chartes de Jean, roi de Bohême et comte de Luxembourg (1310-1346). Archives Générales du Royaume, Bruxelles ; Archives de l’Etat à Arlon (avec Saint-Hubert), à Liège, Mons, Namur et Gand ; Archives départementales du Nord, Lille

Book published by CLUDEM (2022)

This volume contains editions of the acts of John of Bohemia preserved in the form of originals in the charters of the Counts of Flanders (now in the State Archives in Ghent, the Archives départementales ... [more ▼]

This volume contains editions of the acts of John of Bohemia preserved in the form of originals in the charters of the Counts of Flanders (now in the State Archives in Ghent, the Archives départementales du Nord in Lille and the Archives générales du royaume, fonds de Flandre), the Counts of Namur (at the State Archives in Namur), the Counts of Hainaut (at the State Archives in Mons), and numerous ecclesiastical establishments in the diocese of Liège (at the State Archives in Liège). Other archive collections, both seigneurial and ecclesiastical, have been explored at the State Archives in Arlon and Saint-Hubert. As Saint-Hubert was closed in 2019, its documentary heritage was transferred to Arlon. In addition, there are a number of charters from the Trésor de Chartes of the Counts, and later Dukes, of Luxembourg, some of which are held in Series B of the Chambre des Comptes of the Archives Départementales du Nord in Lille. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) [less ▲]

Urolithin A induces mitophagy and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans and increases muscle function in rodents.

in Nature medicine (2016), 22(8), 879-88

The biological effects of urolithins remain poorly characterized, despite wide-spread human exposure via the dietary consumption of their metabolic precursors, the ellagitannins, which are found in the ... [more ▼]

The biological effects of urolithins remain poorly characterized, despite wide-spread human exposure via the dietary consumption of their metabolic precursors, the ellagitannins, which are found in the pomegranate fruit, as well as in nuts and berries. We identified urolithin A (UA) as a first-in-class natural compound that induces mitophagy both in vitro and in vivo following oral consumption. In C. elegans, UA prevented the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with age and extended lifespan. Likewise, UA prolonged normal activity during aging in C. elegans, including mobility and pharyngeal pumping, while maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These effects translated to rodents, where UA improved exercise capacity in two different mouse models of age-related decline of muscle function, as well as in young rats. Our findings highlight the health benefits of urolithin A and its potential application in strategies to improve mitochondrial and muscle function. [less ▲]