AVRNTRU: Lightweight NTRU-based Post-Quantum Cryptography for 8-bit AVR Microcontrollers

in 2021 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, DATE 2021, Grenoble, France, February 1-5, 2021, Proceedings (2021, February)

Introduced in 1996, NTRUEncrypt is not only one of the earliest but also one of the most scrutinized lattice-based cryptosystems and expected to remain secure in the upcoming era of quantum computing ... [more ▼]

Introduced in 1996, NTRUEncrypt is not only one of the earliest but also one of the most scrutinized lattice-based cryptosystems and expected to remain secure in the upcoming era of quantum computing. Furthermore, NTRUEncrypt offers some efficiency benefits over “pre-quantum” cryptosystems like RSA or ECC since the low-level arithmetic operations are less computation-intensive and, thus, more suitable for constrained devices. In this paper we present AVR N TRU, a highly-optimized implementation of NTRUEncrypt for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers that we developed from scratch to reach high performance and resistance to timing attacks. AVR N TRU complies with the EESS #1 v3.1 specification and supports product-form parameter sets such as ees443ep1, ees587ep1, and ees743ep1. An entire encryption (including mask generation and blinding-polynomial generation) using the ees443ep1 parameters requires 847973 clock cycles on an ATmega1281 microcontroller; the decryption is more costly and has an execution time of 1051871 cycles. We achieved these results with the help of a novel hybrid technique for multiplication in a truncated polynomial ring, whereby one of the operands is a sparse ternary polynomial in product form and the other an arbitrary element of the ring. A constant-time multiplication in the ring given by the ees443ep1 parameters takes only 192577 cycles, which sets a new speed record for the arithmetic part of a lattice-based cryptosystem on AVR. [less ▲]

Awareness of Age-Related Changes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Trajectories, and the Role of Age Stereotypes and Personality Traits

in Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022), 13

Awareness of breathing: The structure of language descriptors of respiratory sensations

in Health Psychology (2008), 27(1), 122-127

Awareness-Driven Phase Transitions in Very Large Scale Distributed Systems

in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) (2008)

Awareness-raising, Legitimation or Backlash? Effects of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on Education Systems in Germany

in Resnik, Julia (Ed.) The Power of Numbers and Networks (2018)

Global discourse about human rights, education for all, and inclusive education has altered social norms relating to dis/ability and schooling, especially through awareness-raising, by legitimating ... [more ▼]

Global discourse about human rights, education for all, and inclusive education has altered social norms relating to dis/ability and schooling, especially through awareness-raising, by legitimating advocates' positions and by facilitating policy reforms. Affected by societal and educational change, special education systems and their participants have also transformed societies. Widespread recognition of education's impact--and of institutionalised discrimination that disabled pupils face--galvanises contemporary debates. If special education successfully provided learning opportunities to previously excluded pupils, the goal has shifted to inclusive education. In such settings, all children, regardless of their characteristics, attend neighbourhood schools where they are supported to reach their individual learning goals in diverse classrooms. This global ideal has gained legitimacy, as most countries have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN-CRPD), which mandates inclusive education, specifying facilitated access and meaningful educational opportunities. This has considerable implications for all learners. Examining the effects of the UN-CRPD in Germany, one of the most highly stratified and segregated education systems in Europe, provides a hard test case of the (potential) impact of this international charter on national education systems. To meet its mandate, Germany's 16 states ("Bundesländer") would have to radically reform their education systems, whose segregated structures remain antithetical to inclusive education. Examining education policy reform processes since the 1970s, we find contrasting path-dependent reactions: In Schleswig-Holstein, inclusive education has diffused broadly and attained broad legitimacy, but in Bavaria its development has stalled; school segregation remains pervasive. Below national level, the UN-CRPD's potential to affect the pace and scope of change depends considerably on the structures in place at ratification. [less ▲]

AWJC Nozzle simulation by 6-way coupling of DEM+CFD+FEM using preCICE coupling library

Scientific Conference (2021, June 16)

The objective of this work is to study the particle-laden fluid-structure interaction within an Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Nozzle. Such coupling is needed to study the erosion phenomena caused by the ... [more ▼]

The objective of this work is to study the particle-laden fluid-structure interaction within an Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Nozzle. Such coupling is needed to study the erosion phenomena caused by the abrasive particles inside the nozzle. So far, the erosion in the nozzle was predicted only through the number of collisions, using only a simple DEM+CFD[1] coupling. To improve these predictions, we extend our model to a 6-way Eulerian-Lagrangian momentum coupling with DEM+CFD+FEM to account for deformations and vibrations in the nozzle. Our prototype uses the preCICE coupling library[2] to couple 3 numerical solvers: XDEM[3] (for the particle motion), OpenFOAM[4] (for the water jet), and CalculiX[5] (for the nozzle deformation). XDEM handles all the particle motions based on the fluid properties and flow conditions, and it calculates drag terms. In the fluid solver, particles are modeled as drag and are injected in the momentum equation as a source term. CalculiX uses the forces coming from the fluid solver and XDEM as boundary conditions to solve for the displacements. It is also used for computing the vibrations induced by particle impacts. . The preliminary 6-way DEM+CFD+FEM coupled simulation is able to capture the complex particle-laden multiphase fluid-structure interaction inside AWJC Nozzle. The erosion concentration zones are identified and are compared to DEM+CFD coupling[1]. The results obtained are planned to be used for predicting erosion intensity in addition to the concentration zones. In the future, we aim to compare the erosions predictions to experimental data in order to evaluate the suitability of our approach. The FEM module of the coupled simulation captures the vibration frequency induced by particles and compares it with the natural frequency of the nozzle. Thus opening up opportunities for further investigation and improvement of the Nozzle design. [less ▲]

AXES-RESEARCH — A user-oriented tool for enhanced multimodal search and retrieval in audiovisual libraries

in 2014 12th International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI) (2014)

AXES, Access for Audiovisual Archives, is a research project developing tools for new engaging ways to interact with audiovisual libraries, integrating advanced audio and video analysis technologies. The ... [more ▼]

AXES, Access for Audiovisual Archives, is a research project developing tools for new engaging ways to interact with audiovisual libraries, integrating advanced audio and video analysis technologies. The presented prototype is targeted at academic researchers and journalists. The tool allows them to search and retrieve video segments through metadata, audio analysis, as well as visual concepts and similarity searches. Presented here is a user-based vision on the research-oriented tool provided by AXES. [less ▲]

An axiomatic approach of the discrete Choquet integral as a tool to aggregate interacting criteria

in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems (2000), 8(6), 800-807

The most often used operator to aggregate criteria in decision making problems is the classical weighted arithmetic mean. In many problems however, the criteria considered interact, and a substitute to ... [more ▼]

The most often used operator to aggregate criteria in decision making problems is the classical weighted arithmetic mean. In many problems however, the criteria considered interact, and a substitute to the weighted arithmetic mean has to be adopted. We show that, under rather natural conditions, the discrete Choquet integral is an adequate aggregation operator that extends the weighted arithmetic mean by the taking into consideration of the interaction among criteria. The axiomatic that supports the Choquet integral is presented and an intuitive approach is proposed as well. [less ▲]

An axiomatic approach to firewall rule update

Scientific Conference (2009)

An axiomatic approach to the definition of the entropy of a discrete Choquet capacity

in Information Sciences (2005), 172(1-2), 131-153

To extend the classical Shannon entropy to non-additive measures, Marichal recently introduced the concept of generalized entropy for discrete Choquet capacities. We provide a first axiomatization of this ... [more ▼]

To extend the classical Shannon entropy to non-additive measures, Marichal recently introduced the concept of generalized entropy for discrete Choquet capacities. We provide a first axiomatization of this new concept on the basis of three axioms: the symmetry property, a boundary condition for which the entropy reduces to the Shannon entropy, and a generalized version of the well-known recursivity property. We also show that this generalized entropy fulfills several properties considered as requisites for defining an entropy-like measure. Lastly, we provide an interpretation of it in the framework of aggregation by the discrete Choquet integral. [less ▲]