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See detailAvec le bonjour de René Schneider
Scuto, Denis UL

Article for general public (2016)

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See detailL’avènement du futur cadre juridique international dédié aux activités d’exploration et d’utilisation des ressources de l’espace extra-atmosphérique
Homov, Ella UL

Doctoral thesis (2023)

L’espace extra-atmosphérique n’est pas un espace sans droit. Toute activité d’exploration et d’utilisation de l’espace extra-atmosphérique, de la Lune et des corps célestes doit être menée conformément au ... [more ▼]

L’espace extra-atmosphérique n’est pas un espace sans droit. Toute activité d’exploration et d’utilisation de l’espace extra-atmosphérique, de la Lune et des corps célestes doit être menée conformément au droit international de l’espace. Quid des activités axées sur les ressources spatiales ? Peuvent-elles être légalement conduites dans l’espace ? Sont-elles conformes au droit international de l’espace ? Afin de répondre, entre autres, aux questions posées ci-avant, le cadre légal international qui régit actuellement les activités spatiales ainsi que trois exemples de lois nationales autorisant l’appropriation des ressources de l’espace extra-atmosphérique ont été étudiés. Par ailleurs, il a été avancé qu’afin (i) de maintenir la paix et la sécurité internationales et de favoriser la coopération et la compréhension internationales, (ii) d’assurer un niveau de sécurité juridique élevé, (iii) d’encourager le développement du secteur de l’industrie spatiale axée sur l’exploration et l’utilisation des ressources de l’espace extra-atmosphérique, l’adoption d’un cadre juridique international dédié aux activités d’exploration et d’utilisation des ressources de l’espace extra-atmosphérique était indispensable. Les recherches menées dans le cadre de la thèse ont permis de discerner et de proposer un certain nombre d’éléments et de mesures techniques et organisationnelles qui pourraient composer le futur cadre juridique international qui régira les activités axées sur les ressources spatiales. [less ▲]

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See detailL'avenir de la famille : Analyse sous l'angle de l'égalité de traitement (Rapport luxembourgeois)
Chaouche, Fatima UL

Presentation (2017)

Un nombre croissant de communautés de vie existent en dehors du mariage, en particulier les concubins, mais également les familles recomposées, les familles monoparentales ou les partenaires de même sexe ... [more ▼]

Un nombre croissant de communautés de vie existent en dehors du mariage, en particulier les concubins, mais également les familles recomposées, les familles monoparentales ou les partenaires de même sexe. Or, la législation suisse privilégie l’institution du mariage, au détriment d’autres formes de communautés de vie et en décalage avec l’évolution de la société. Cette situation provoque des traitements différenciés entre les individus fondés sur le sexe ou sur le choix d’un mode de vie. Elle conduit également à choisir l’institution du mariage pour bénéficier de ses effets en droit public, au détriment du principe d’autonomie et, parfois, des convictions personnelles. Ce projet a pour but d’examiner l’opportunité d’une reconnaissance juridique des autres communautés de vie. Le débat sur une modernisation du droit de la famille existe en Suisse depuis de nombreuses années sous l’angle du droit civil. Il a été notamment relancé en 2014, suite à la publication de trois expertises mandatées par l’Office fédéral de la justice sur le thème de l’avenir du droit de la famille en Suisse. La discussion doit toutefois se poursuivre en dehors du droit privé, afin d’obtenir une vision globale des effets de droits publics accordés à certaines formes de communautés de vie dans les domaines tels que les assurances sociales, le droit des étrangers, le droit fiscal. Cette analyse constitue le préalable nécessaire vers un examen plus large visant à identifier un ou plusieurs critères de rattachement plus respectueux du principe de l’égalité de traitement ancré à l’art. 8 de la Constitution fédérale. Pour permettre la cohérence d’une telle réflexion, fondée sur l’évolution de la société, la comparaison internationale est nécessaire. Elle permet, d’une part, de s’inspirer de solutions convaincantes déjà adoptées par certains pays et, d’autre part, d’intégrer les questions de droit international privé auxquelles la Suisse est confrontée en raison d’autres communautés de vie déjà reconnues juridiquement à l’étranger et susceptibles d’arriver en Suisse, compte tenu des flux migratoires. Une telle comparaison devra dès lors notamment se réaliser à l’aide d’un réseau d’experts de l’étranger. Une étude portant sur le droit de la famille ne doit pas se limiter à reconnaître les différentes communautés de vie, mais doit conduire à une analyse systématique des conditions applicables à ces communautés dans différents domaines juridiques. Elle doit avoir pour fil rouge le principe de l’égalité de traitement, de manière à déterminer si les distinctions fondées sur le mode de vie, l’orientation sexuelle ou le sexe se justifient encore aujourd’hui. A l’issue de ces considérations, des propositions de modifications législatives pourront être formulées dans le respect du principe de l’égalité de traitement. cf. https://libra.unine.ch/Projets/Par-ann%E9e/Y-2016/32271 [less ▲]

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See detailAversive associative conditioning of prepulses in a startle inhibition paradigm
Nees, F.; Hahn, M.; Schulz, André UL et al

in Psychophysiology (2009), 46(3), 481-486

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See detailAviophobia: evaluation of a treatment program reducing the anxiety of flying.
Steffgen, Georges UL; Recchia, Sophie UL; Kinnen, Danielle

in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice (2012), 16

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See detailAvis juridiques indépendants en cas de délégation par un dépositaire d'OPCVM
Riassetto, Isabelle UL

in Revue de Droit Bancaire et Financier (2019), (1), 64

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See detailAvis sur l'Avant-projet de loi portant organisation du Conseil national de la justice
Heuschling, Luc UL

in Hess, Burkhard (Ed.) Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe (2014)

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See detailL'avocat et l'historien
Scuto, Denis UL

Article for general public (2015)

Weekly column on contemporary history ("L'histoire du temps présent") in Luxembourg newspaper Tageblatt, here on an open letter of lawyer Gaston Vogel about the Artuso Report on collaboration between ... [more ▼]

Weekly column on contemporary history ("L'histoire du temps présent") in Luxembourg newspaper Tageblatt, here on an open letter of lawyer Gaston Vogel about the Artuso Report on collaboration between Luxembourgish authorities and German occupying forces in antisemitic persecutions [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding bias when inferring race using name-based approaches
Kozlowski, Diego UL; Murray, Dakota S.; Bell, Alexis et al

in PLoS ONE (2022), 3(17), 0264270

Racial disparity in academia is a widely acknowledged problem. The quantitative understanding of racial-based systemic inequalities is an important step towards a more equitable research system. However ... [more ▼]

Racial disparity in academia is a widely acknowledged problem. The quantitative understanding of racial-based systemic inequalities is an important step towards a more equitable research system. However, because of the lack of robust information on authors’ race, few large-scale analyses have been performed on this topic. Algorithmic approaches offer one solution, using known information about authors, such as their names, to infer their perceived race. As with any other algorithm, the process of racial inference can generate biases if it is not carefully considered. The goal of this article is to assess the extent to which algorithmic bias is introduced using different approaches for name-based racial inference. We use information from the U.S. Census and mortgage applications to infer the race of U.S. affiliated authors in the Web of Science. We estimate the effects of using given and family names, thresholds or continuous distributions, and imputation. Our results demonstrate that the validity of name-based inference varies by race/ethnicity and that threshold approaches underestimate Black authors and overestimate White authors. We conclude with recommendations to avoid potential biases. This article lays the foundation for more systematic and less-biased investigations into racial disparities in science. [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding bias when inferring race using name-based approaches
Kozlowski, Diego UL; Murray, Dakota S.; Bell, Alexis et al

in 18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTOMETRICS & INFORMETRICS, 12–15 July 2021KU Leuven, Belgium (2021, July)

Racial disparity in academia is a widely acknowledged problem. The quantitative understanding of racial-based systemic inequalities is an important step towards a more equitable research system. However ... [more ▼]

Racial disparity in academia is a widely acknowledged problem. The quantitative understanding of racial-based systemic inequalities is an important step towards a more equitable research system. However, few large-scale analyses have been performed on this topic, mostly because of the lack of robust race-disambiguation algorithms. Identifying author information does not generally include the author’s race. Therefore, an algorithm needs to be employed, using known information about authors, i.e., their names, to infer their perceived race. Nevertheless, as any other algorithm, the process of racial inference can generate biases if it is not carefully considered. When the research is focused on the understanding of racial-based inequalities, such biases undermine the objectives of the investigation and may perpetuate inequities. The goal of this article is to assess the biases introduced by the different approaches used name-based racial inference. We use information from US census and mortgage applications to infer the race of US author names in the Web of Science. We estimate the effects of using given and family names, thresholds or continuous distributions, and imputation. Our results demonstrate that the validity of name-based inference varies by race and ethnicity and that threshold approaches underestimate Black authors and overestimate White authors. We conclude with recommendations to avoid potential biases. This article fills an important research gap that will allow more systematic and unbiased studies on racial disparity in science. [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding Leakage and Synchronization Attacks through Enclave-Side Preemption Control
Volp, Marcus UL; Lackorzynski, Adam; Decouchant, Jérémie UL et al

Scientific Conference (2016, December 12)

Intel SGX is the latest processor architecture promising secure code execution despite large, complex and hence potentially vulnerable legacy operating systems (OSs). However, two recent works identified ... [more ▼]

Intel SGX is the latest processor architecture promising secure code execution despite large, complex and hence potentially vulnerable legacy operating systems (OSs). However, two recent works identified vulnerabilities that allow an untrusted management OS to extract secret information from Intel SGX's enclaves, and to violate their integrity by exploiting concurrency bugs. In this work, we re-investigate delayed preemption (DP) in the context of Intel SGX. DP is a mechanism originally proposed for L4-family microkernels as disable-interrupt replacement. Recapitulating earlier results on language-based information-flow security, we illustrate the construction of leakage-free code for enclaves. However, as long as adversaries have fine-grained control over preemption timing, these solutions are impractical from a performance/complexity perspective. To overcome this, we resort to delayed preemption, and sketch a software implementation for hypervisors providing enclaves as well as a hardware extension for systems like SGX. Finally, we illustrate how static analyses for SGX may be extended to check confidentiality of preemption-delaying programs. [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding the Inappropriate: The European Commission and Sanctions under EU Fiscal Policy Coordination
Sacher, Martin UL

Doctoral thesis (2022)

Since the beginning of the European Economic and Monetary Union, fiscal non-compliance has been subject to the potential imposition of sanctions. However, the extent to which punitive action should be ... [more ▼]

Since the beginning of the European Economic and Monetary Union, fiscal non-compliance has been subject to the potential imposition of sanctions. However, the extent to which punitive action should be automatic – rather than political – is a point of constant discussion among European Union decision-makers. The most recent reform of the Stability and Growth Pact, in the aftermath of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, has attempted to make sanctions more automatic and has created the possibility to trigger them at earlier stages of the surveillance procedure. With this in mind, the reform has enhanced the powers and autonomy of the European Commission in the application of the new rules. Despite the reinforcement of punitive provisions, the Commission has so far refrained from proposing the imposition of sanctions. Against this background, this thesis aims to answer the question of how we can best explain that the European Commission does not propose financial sanctions because of Member State non-compliance with the Pact’s fiscal objectives. The thesis draws upon four post-crisis cases in which sanctions for fiscal non-compliance might have been imposed – Belgium in 2013, France in 2015, Portugal and Spain in 2016, and Italy in 2018. The thesis uses theory-testing process-tracing methods and applies an adaptation of normative institutionalism that takes into account strategic actor behaviour. Based on this theoretical and methodological framework, it is argued that the normative-strategic minimum enforcement mechanism explains the Commission’s behaviour. Given that the imposition of sanctions is perceived as inappropriate in the cases at hand, Commission actors strategically refrain from applying the enforcement provisions to their full extent. [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding the Inappropriate: The European Commission and Sanctions under the Stability and Growth Pact
Sacher, Martin UL

in Politics and Governance (2021), 9(2), 163-172

Fiscal policy surveillance, including the possibility to impose financial sanctions, has been an important feature of Economic and Monetary Union since its inception. With the reform of fiscal rules in ... [more ▼]

Fiscal policy surveillance, including the possibility to impose financial sanctions, has been an important feature of Economic and Monetary Union since its inception. With the reform of fiscal rules in the aftermath of the financial and sovereign debt crisis, coercive provisions have been made stricter and the Commission has formally gained power vis‐à‐vis the Council. Nevertheless, sanctions under the Stability and Growth Pact for budgetary non‐compliance have so far not been imposed. This article asks why the Commission has until now refrained from proposing such sanctions. Using minimalist process‐tracing methods, three post‐crisis cases in which the imposition of fines was possible, are analysed. Applying an adaptation of normative institutionalism, it is argued that the mechanism entitled “normative‐strategic minimum enforcement” provides an explanation of why no sanctions are imposed in the cases studied: Given that the Commission does not perceive punitive action as appropriate, it strategically refrains from applying the enforcement provisions to their full extent. [less ▲]

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See detailAvoiding the Next Silent Spring: Our Chemical Past, Present, and Future
Arp, Hans Peter H.; Aurich, Dagny UL; Schymanski, Emma UL et al

in Environmental Science and Technology (2023)

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring,1 published just over 60 years ago, outlined how the indiscriminate use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a potent, environmentally persistent insecticide, was ... [more ▼]

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring,1 published just over 60 years ago, outlined how the indiscriminate use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a potent, environmentally persistent insecticide, was damaging the world's ecosystems, animals and food supply. There were many other chemicals more persistent than DDT accumulating in the environment when Carson was writing, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Whilst man-made, PFAS were not intended to cause harm, contrary to pesticides such as DDT. Today, ambient PFAS levels are contaminating rain, soil and drinking water resources worldwide to such an extent that they have caused substantial, irreversible health and environmental damage.2 Like DDT, PFAS were long in use by the time Rachel Carson was writing Silent Spring (see Figure 1). However, their environmental presence went unnoticed by Carson and other contemporary environmental researchers. PFAS were entering the environment under the radar, except to those who were manufacturing and emitting them.3 [less ▲]

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See detail'Avoir Fiscal' and Its Legacy in Thirty Years of Direct Tax Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice
Haslehner, Werner UL

in Intertax, International Tax Review (2016), 44(5), 374-391

On occasion of the thirty-year anniversary of the Court of Justice of the European Unions (CJEU’s) landmark judgment Commission v. France, 270/83 (‘Avoir Fiscal’), this article reviews the decision of the ... [more ▼]

On occasion of the thirty-year anniversary of the Court of Justice of the European Unions (CJEU’s) landmark judgment Commission v. France, 270/83 (‘Avoir Fiscal’), this article reviews the decision of the Court and its lasting impact on EU tax law. It finds that most of the principles developed in that case remain relevant in current doctrine. At the same time, several questions that were left open in 1986 are still unresolved today. [less ▲]

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See detailOs avós na literatura infantil: envelhecimento, educação e relações entre gerações
Ramos, Anne Carolina UL

in Educação e Realidade (2015), 40(1), 191-225

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See detailL'avouerie en Lotharingie: le "moment comtal" (deuxième moitié du XIe - début du XIIe s.)
Margue, Michel UL

in Martine, Tristan; Nowak, Jessika (Eds.) D'un regnum à l'autre. La Lotharingie, un espace de l'entre-deux? Vom Regnum zum Imperium. Lotharingien als Zwischenreich? (2020)

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See detailAvouerie et châteaux dans le discours monastique. Quelques réflexions d'ordre historiographique à partir du cas du comté de Luxembourg (Xe - début XIIe siècles)
Margue, Michel UL

in Chantinne, Frédéric; Charruadas, Paulo; Sosnowska, Philippe (Eds.) Trulla et cartae. De la culture matérielle aux sources écrites. Liber discipulorum et amicorum in honorem Michel de Waha (2014)

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