La "bancabilité" des infrastructures intégratives financés par les Institutions du développement en Afrique de l'Ouest

Doctoral thesis (2015)

Le terme « bancabilité » est l’une de ses expressions omniprésentes dans le discours des praticiens du financement des grands projets d’infrastructures sans que l’on ne sache précisément ce qu’il désigne ... [more ▼]

Le terme « bancabilité » est l’une de ses expressions omniprésentes dans le discours des praticiens du financement des grands projets d’infrastructures sans que l’on ne sache précisément ce qu’il désigne. Lorsqu’elle est présentée comme étant les prérequis à l’octroi de financements des grands projets d’infrastructures par les institutions financières, la bancabilité ou la « financiabilité » ne demeure pas moins difficile à cerner. Sa nature suscite le débat. D’aucuns doutent qu’il s’agisse d’une notion juridique, d’autres y voient une pratique essentiellement financière assimilable à l’évaluation de la situation financière des candidats à un emprunt bancaire. Son régime est tout aussi incertain. Dès lors que la bancabilité est analysée à travers le prisme de critères ou de paramètres applicables aux promoteurs des projets d’infrastructures, la formation de ces « règles » puisqu’il s’agit effectivement de règles de conduite, de prescriptions, orientant le comportement des candidats-emprunteurs, mais également les conditions de leur mise en œuvre ne peuvent échapper à un encadrement juridique. À défaut de définition textuelle, identifier les déterminants de la bancabilité, saisir sa nature, comprendre cette pratique forgée par les professionnels du crédit, la distinguer de notions similaires – telles que la rentabilité, la solvabilité ou la dignité de crédit - sont d’autant plus essentiels que la bancabilité s’apparente à un concept émergent en droit dont la gestation est en cours. A cet égard, le régime applicable aux cas de manquement lors de l’appréciation de la conformité des projets d’infrastructure eu égard aux prérequis de bancabilité reste encore à définir. La présente étude entreprend une réflexion sur la valeur des critères juridiques de bancabilité tels qu’appliqués par les principales institutions financières du développement en Afrique de l’Ouest et explore les effets de leur mise en œuvre sur les cadres juridiques nationaux et régionaux. À partir de l’analyse de projets d’infrastructure de transport d’énergie favorisant l’intégration régionale des États-membres de la Communauté Économique des États d’Afrique de l’Ouest, l’étude met en lumière les écarts entre les principaux critères juridiques de bancabilité édictés par les institutions financières de développement et la pratique observée en Afrique de l’Ouest puis, elle propose des pistes d’évolution de ces critères de bancabilité. [less ▲]

The band gap of Cu2ZnSnSe4: Effect of order-disorder

in Applied Physics Letters (2014), 105

Bandes dessinées im Fremdsprachenunterricht Französisch - Annäherung an eine empirisch fundierte Teilbereichsdidaktik

Book published by Peter Lang Verlag - Kolloquium Fremdsprachenunterricht (2018)

Bank of France: The challenge of escaping politicization

in Dyson, Kenneth; Marcussen, Martin (Eds.) Central Banks in the Age of the Euro: Europeanization, Convergence, and Power (2009)

This contribution will show that Europeanization since 1993—the independence of the Bank of France in 1994 and the transfer of monetary policy powers to the European Central Bank (ECB) in 1999—had a clear ... [more ▼]

This contribution will show that Europeanization since 1993—the independence of the Bank of France in 1994 and the transfer of monetary policy powers to the European Central Bank (ECB) in 1999—had a clear and direct impact on the power and roles of the Governor and the members of the Conseil de la Politique Monétaire (MPC), but a less obvious impact on the organisation and responsibilities of the Bank itself. Independence and the 1999 transfer have also had a direct impact upon the Bank’s role in public life. Well over a decade since independence, monetary policy remains more politicized in France than in most Eurosystem member states, thus bucking the trend of a politicisation. In terms of the Bank’s core operations, however, political hostility has created only marginal difficulties. [less ▲]

Bank power and public policy since the financial crisis

in Business and Politics (2020), 22(1), 1-24

Despite much commentary in the media and the popular assumption that the banking industry exerts undue influence on government policy-making, the academic literature on the role of the banks since the ... [more ▼]

Despite much commentary in the media and the popular assumption that the banking industry exerts undue influence on government policy-making, the academic literature on the role of the banks since the 2008 financial crisis remains theoretically and empirically under-specified. In particular, we argue that different forms of financial power are often conflated, while favorable policy outcomes are too-readily assumed to be evidence of regulatory capture. In short, we still know relatively little about how bank influence varies over time and in different national contexts, the extent to which banking interests are unified or divided, and the conditions under which banks are capable of producing meaningful variation in policy outcomes. This article has three objectives: 1) to explain why the debate on bank influence matters; 2) to examine the evidence of bank influence since the international financial crisis; and 3) to set out a range of conceptual tools for thinking about bank power. [less ▲]

Bank resolution regime : an integral part of financial crisis management?

Doctoral thesis (2013)

Bank secrecy, illicit money and offshore financial centers

in Journal of Public Economics (2011), 95(7-8), 942-955

International and national institutions regularly put pressure on offshore financial centers and their clients to enforce compliance with anti-money laundering regulations and that in spite of the ... [more ▼]

International and national institutions regularly put pressure on offshore financial centers and their clients to enforce compliance with anti-money laundering regulations and that in spite of the existence of bank secrecy. This paper discusses the winners and losers of such policies. Surprisingly, aggregate profits and tax revenues can increase under those policies. In addition, we show that offshore banks can be encouraged to comply with rigorous monitoring of the investor's identity and the origin of his/her funds when the pressure creates sufficiently high risk of reputational harm to this investor. Nevertheless, the efficient pressure policy is dichotomous in the sense that a social planner chooses zero pressure or the pressure that just entices offshore banks to comply. By contrast, the implementation of those pressure policies on an onshore institution may be inefficient. Finally, we show that deeper financial integration fosters compliance by the offshore center while it also gives better incentives for delegated organizations to effectively induce compliance. [less ▲]

Banking on Stability: The Political Economy of New Capital Requirements in the European Union

in Journal of European Integration (2013), 35(3), 333-346

The Basel III Accord on a ‘Global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems’ was issued in late 2010 as the cornerstone of the international regulatory response to the global ... [more ▼]

The Basel III Accord on a ‘Global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems’ was issued in late 2010 as the cornerstone of the international regulatory response to the global financial crisis. Its adoption into European Union (EU) legislation has, however, been met with considerable member state reticence and intra-EU negotiations are ongoing. This paper investigates the political economy of new capital requirements in the EU, arguing that the institutional features of national banking sectors convincingly account for the divergence in EU member state preferences on capital rules. [less ▲]

Banking Systemic Vulnerabilities: A Tail-risk Dynamic CIMDO Approach

in Journal of Financial Stability (2014)

Banković v Belgium and the Territorial Scope of the European Convention on Human Rights

in Human Rights Law Review (2003), 3