Bail-in and Retail Investors; where regulatory and political disequilibria meet

Presentation (2018, April 12)

The Balance Between Security, Privacy and Data Protection in IoT Data Sharing: a Critique to Traditional "Security&Privacy" Surveys

in European Data Protection Law Review (2021), 7(1), 18-30

The paper examines the normative challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT), in particular, taking into account today’s debate on privacy, data protection, and security issues brought about by IoT. Three ... [more ▼]

The paper examines the normative challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT), in particular, taking into account today’s debate on privacy, data protection, and security issues brought about by IoT. Three different layers of complexity are under scrutiny. They regard (i) moral and political theories on the concept of ‘security’; (ii) whether and to what extent information security technologies, in the context of IoT, may affect fundamental rights, such as privacy and data protection; and, (iii) new legal challenges for individual and group privacy and data protection. The overall aim of the paper is, on the one hand, to stress basic differences between privacy and data protection and why the distinction matters vis-à-vis the flow of information and data sharing on IoT. On the other hand, the intent is to stress the different meanings security has in this context, since the word is often used interchangeably to address information security, cybersecurity, or safety issues. We should take these distinctions firm, when striking balances between privacy, data protection, and ‘security’ on IoT. [less ▲]

The balance model : Hindrance or support for the solving of linear equations with one unknown

in Educational Studies in Mathematics (2002)

A Balanced Scorecard for Managing the Aging Workforce

in Organizational Dynamics (2010), 39(1), 84-90

Balancing approaches to Migration Security in Europe and Asia

in Tan, See Sang; Christiansen, Thomas; Kirchner, Emil (Eds.) The European Union’s Security Relations with Asian Powers (2021)

Migration has recently been framed as a threat to security in many parts of the world. Numerous advanced industrial states have in fact, securitized migration by implementing measures to control and even ... [more ▼]

Migration has recently been framed as a threat to security in many parts of the world. Numerous advanced industrial states have in fact, securitized migration by implementing measures to control and even extend external borders, through increased policing and financial contributions to neighbouring countries that are linked to migration control strategies. This process has led to the spread of formal and informal regionalization strategies in migration affairs. However, levels and types of securitization of migration reflect different perspectives on regional integration. This chapter compares migration governance in Europe and Asia and illustrates how relatively uniform regionalization in Europe has led to institutionalized responses promoting securitization whereas the divergent bottom-up approach to regionalism in Asia has resulted in significant policy variation amongst Asian states. Consequently, Asia’s seeming patchwork response differs from the European Union’s blanket approach, thus impeding close inter-regional collaboration in this policy arena. [less ▲]

BALANCING NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CLOUD-BASED SOFTWARE: AN APPROACH BASED ON SECURITY-AWARE DESIGN AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE SOFTWARE DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT

Doctoral thesis (2015)

Beyond its functional requirements, architectural design, the quality of a software system is also defined by the degree to which it meets its non-functional requirements. The complexity of managing these ... [more ▼]

Beyond its functional requirements, architectural design, the quality of a software system is also defined by the degree to which it meets its non-functional requirements. The complexity of managing these non-functional requirements is exacerbated by the fact that they are potentially conflicting with one another. For cloud-based software, i.e., software whose service is delivered through a cloud infrastructure, other constraints related to the features of the hosting data center, such as cost, security and performance, have to be considered by system and software designers. For instance, the evaluation of requests to access sensitive resources results in performance overhead introduced by policy rules evaluation and message exchange between the different geographically distributed components of the authorization system. Duplicating policy rule evaluation engines traditionally solves such performance issues, however such a decision has an impact on security since it introduces additional potential private data leakage points. Taking into account all the aforementioned features is a key factor to enhance the perceived quality of service (QoS) of the cloud as a whole. Maximizing users and software developers satisfaction with cloud-based software is a challenging task since trade-off decisions have to be dynamically taken between these conflicting quality attributes to adapt to system requirements evolution. In this thesis, we tackle the challenges of building a decision support method to optimize software deployment in a cloud environment. Our proposed holistic method operates both at the level of 1) Platform as a service (PaaS) by handling software components deployment to achieve an efficient runtime optimization to satisfy cloud providers and customers objectives 2) Guest applications by making inroads into the design of applications to enable the design of secure systems that also meet flexibility, performance and cost requirements. To thoroughly investigate these challenges, we identify three main objectives that we address as follows: The first objective is to achieve a runtime optimization of cloud-based software deployment at the Platform as a service (PaaS) layer, by considering both cloud customers and providers constraints. To fulfill this objective, we leverage the models@run.time paradigm to build an abstraction layer to model a cloud infrastructure. In a second step, we model the software placement problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and we use multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) to identify a set of possible cloud optimal configurations that exhibit best trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The approach is validated through a case study that we defined with EBRC1, a cloud provider in Luxembourg, as a representative of a software component placement problem in heterogeneous distributed cloud nodes. The second objective is to ameliorate the convergence speed of MOEAs that we have used to achieve a run-time optimization of cloud-based software. To cope with elasticity requirements of cloud-based applications, we improve the way the search strategy operates by proposing a hyper-heuristic that operates on top of MOEAs. Our hyper-heuristic uses the history of mutation effect on fitness functions to select the most relevant mutation operators. Our evaluation shows that MOEAs in conjunction with our hyper-heuristic has a significant performance improvement in terms of resolution time over the original MOEAs. The third objective aims at optimizing cloud-based software trade-offs by exploring applications design as a complementary step to the optimization at the level of the cloud infrastructure, tackled in the first and second objectives. We aimed at achieving security trade-offs at the level of guest applications by revisiting current practices in software methods. We focus on access control as a main security concern and we opt for guest applications that manage resources regulated by access control policies specified in XACML2. This focus is mainly motivated by two key factors: 1) Access control is the pillar of computer security as it allows to protect sensitive resources in a given system from unauthorized accesses 2) XACML is the de facto standard language to specify access control policies and proposes an access control architectural model that supports several advanced access requirements such as interoperability and portability. To attain this objective, we advocate the design of applications based on XACML architectural model to achieve a trade-off between security and flexibility and we adopt a three-step approach: First, we identify a lack in the literature in XACML with obligation handling support. Obligations enable to specify user actions that have to be performed before/during/after the access to resources. We propose an extension of the XACML reference model and language to use the history of obligations states at the decision making time. In this step, we extend XACML access control architecture to support a wider range of usage control scenarios. Second, in order to avoid degrading performance while using a secure architecture based on XACML, we propose a refactoring technique applied on access control policies to enhance request evaluation time. Our approach, evaluated on three Java policy-based systems, enables to substantially reduce request evaluation time. Finally, to achieve a trade-off between a safe security policy evolution and regression testing costs, we develop a regression-test-selection approach for selecting test cases that reveal faults caused by policy changes. To sum up, in all aforementioned objectives, we pursue the goal of analysing and improving the current landscape in the development of cloud-based software. Our focus on security quality attributes is driven by its crucial role in widening the adoption of cloud computing. Our approach brings to light a security-aware design of guest applications that is based on XACML architecture. We provide useful guidelines, methods with underlying algorithms and tools for developers and cloud solution designers to enhance tomorrow’s cloud-based software design. Keywords: XACML-policy based systems, Cloud Computing, Trade-offs, Multi-Objective Optimization [less ▲]

Balancing the interests in the context of data retention

E-print/Working paper (2013)

Balans voor de toekomst. Impressies van het 12e congres van de Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft te Bielefeld, 19-21 maart 1990.

in Pedagogisch Tijdschrift. (1990), 15(4), 233-239

BaleineBis: Une enquête sur un marché linguistique multilingue en profonde mutation Luxemburgs Sprachenmarkt im Wandel

Book published by SESOPI (2009)

Das Baltikum - 3 unabhängige Staaten?

Conference given outside the academic context (2010)

The presentation showed to the broader public similarities and differences of the Baltic States.