Over 15% efficient wide-band-gap Cu(In,Ga)S2 solar cell: Suppressing bulk and interface recombination through composition engineering

in Joule (2021), 5

Over-educating the World? Exploring a Taboo in the International Development Discourse.

Scientific Conference (2014)

Mass education is now a worldwide feature of modern nation-states. This is true for primary and secondary education and increasingly for higher education and more recently lifelong learning. Strongly ... [more ▼]

Mass education is now a worldwide feature of modern nation-states. This is true for primary and secondary education and increasingly for higher education and more recently lifelong learning. Strongly standardized forms of school organization, curriculum and educational purposes have spread rapidly throughout the world often highly detached from local realities and with clear signs of over-education, which can only be explained if education is understood as an ideology promoted at the world cultural level by international organizations. These are the main tenets of neoinstitutionalist world polity research on global educational expansion and will serve as a theoretical frame for this paper, which is based on qualitative analysis of education documents from a wide array of international organizations. [less ▲]

The Over-Indebtedness of European Consumers after the Financial Crisis: The case of Greece

in Domurath, Comparato and Micklitz (Ed.) The Over-indebtedness of European consumers – A view from six countries (2014)

The present national report studies the recent crisis' repercussions to the social, legal and economic framework in Greece, with regard to the over-indebted consumer.

Overcome of bed-joint imperfections and improvement of actual contact in dry-stacked masonry

in Construction and Building Materials (2020)

Several researchers studied dry-stacked masonry walls (DSM) and inferred that the actual contact surface between the different block rows and the compressive strength in such walls are reduced by bed ... [more ▼]

Several researchers studied dry-stacked masonry walls (DSM) and inferred that the actual contact surface between the different block rows and the compressive strength in such walls are reduced by bed-joint imperfections as well as by height differences between different masonry blocks leading both to high stress concentration. This paper concentrates on the first type on imperfections. Through experimental tests, it analyses the influence of bed-joint roughness on the load bearing capacity and investigates a strategy to improve the load-bearing capacity of DSM by placing an additional horizontal layer on the top face of raw masonry blocks. First, different contact layers using conventional and auxetic materials were applied. Then 20 dry-stacked masonry prisms built with raw and improved masonry blocks were tested under axial compressive load until failure. Prescale Fujifilm strips were used to measure the actual contact in the bed-joints. Experimental tests show that the use of a contact layer with well-defined material properties enables firstly to increase the actual contact area in the bed-joints from 23% to 98% of the nominal contact area and secondly to increase the load-bearing capacity by 14 to 97%. In addition, the contact layer with an auxetic material shows a significant capacity in altering the lateral expansion in the block units. The outcomes show that although the bed joint roughness influences the stress distribution in a dry-stacked masonry block, a contact layer with well-defined material properties enables to overcome the roughness induced by the bed-joint imperfections. [less ▲]

Overcoming language barriers in early mathematics instruction with “MaGrid” - a language-neutral training tool for multilingual school settings

Poster (2018, April 08)

Mathematical knowledge at the onset of formal schooling paves the way for children’s achievement in formal mathematics (e.g. Duncan et al., 2007; Watts et al., 2014). Hence, it is crucial to equip ... [more ▼]

Mathematical knowledge at the onset of formal schooling paves the way for children’s achievement in formal mathematics (e.g. Duncan et al., 2007; Watts et al., 2014). Hence, it is crucial to equip children with sound basic mathematical competencies by deploying effective teaching interventions during preschool years. However, multilingual school settings, such as Luxembourg (65% of the pupils are second language learners) pose a special challenge for instruction. Non-native pre-schoolers perform lower on early mathematics tests than their age-matched peers (Bonifacci et al., 2016; Kleemans et al., 2011). This gap is most likely due to missing out on learning opportunities, as a result of lower proficiency in the language of instruction. To provide equal access to early mathematics education for all children, we developed a language-neutral early mathematics training tool, the “MaGrid”-app. This innovative training tool has been evaluated, so far, in two studies in multilingual Luxembourg. In a first study, children from five classrooms (N = 68) used the tool to train visuo-spatial abilities, an important predictor of mathematical abilities (see e.g. Mix et al., 2016), over ten weeks (2x20min/week). At post-test, significant gains in the visuo-spatial domain were observed, compared to children from “teaching-as-usual” classrooms (N = 57). In a second study, we elaborated a comprehensive language-neutral early mathematics intervention, with “MaGrid” at its core. Findings from both training studies will be presented in detail and the importance of domain-specific versus domain-general precursors, as well as practical implications, will be discussed. [less ▲]

Overcoming selfishness: Reciprocity, inhibition, and cardiac autonomic control in the ultimatum game

in Frontiers in Psychology (2011), 2(173), 1-16

The processes underlying decision-making in response to unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) have recently been discussed in light of models of reciprocity and fairness-related behavior. It has been ... [more ▼]

The processes underlying decision-making in response to unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) have recently been discussed in light of models of reciprocity and fairness-related behavior. It has been suggested that behavior following norm-oriented, internalized expectations of reciprocity requires overcoming economic self-interest. In this study we investigated both, behavioral and peripheral-physiological indicators of inhibitory capacity related to neuronal networks that are likely to be involved in the behavioral response to unfair offers. Both heart-rate variability as an index of inhibitory capacity, and performance in a motor response inhibition task predicted rejection of unfair offers in an ultimatum game, suggesting an important role of inhibitory processes in overcoming economic temptations and regulating behavior conforming to social norms of reciprocity and fairness. The role of parasympathetic activity as a physiological trait-marker predicting inter-individual differences in the rejection of unfair offers is discussed. [less ▲]

Overcoming the Voc limitation of CZTSe solar cells

in IEEE (2016)

Overcompliance with endogenous environmental standards and quantity competition

in Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy (2015)

Overdamping by weakly coupled environments

in Physical Review A (2005), 72(6),

Overestimation of physical activity among young people: Does age and gender play a role?

Scientific Conference (2019, June 22)

Background and purpose: Due to the continuous decrease of physical activity (PA) of people in industrialized countries (Kohl et al., 2012), PA behavior and its psychological foundations has become a key ... [more ▼]

Background and purpose: Due to the continuous decrease of physical activity (PA) of people in industrialized countries (Kohl et al., 2012), PA behavior and its psychological foundations has become a key issue in health-related research. Studies show that most people tend to overesti-mate their habitual PA (Skender et al., 2016), however, there is very little research on the role of demographic variables in this respect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether age and/or gender affect the (over)estimation of PA among children and adolescents. Methods: Data of 75 students (38 girls and 37 boys, 10 to 18 years) of various primary and sec-ondary schools were randomly included in the study. Habitual PA was assessed through an online self-report questionnaire (Schmidt et al., 2017) as well as by wearing an accelerometer (Acti-Graph GT3X-BT) over seven consecutive days. A multiple regression analysis was used to ana-lyze the impact of age and gender on the accuracy of PA estimation. Results: The students reported being active for at least 60 minutes on average on 4,0 ± 2,1 days per week, whereas the accelerometer data verify only 1,8 ± 1,6 days per week. Thus, a majority of 76% of the children and adolescents overestimated and 9% underestimated their PA. Almost 15% were correct in their PA estimation. However, results of the regression analysis indicate neither an effect of age ( = .003, p > .1) nor of gender ( = -.070, p > .1). Conclusions: Overestimation of PA is common not only among adults but also among children and adolescents. However, this misperception appears to be independent of age and gender, at least in the age group considered here. Future studies should examine further demographic and psychological variables in order to explain why most of the people significantly overestimate their habitual PA. [less ▲]