Murine Genes with homology to Drosophila segmentation genes.

in Development (1988), 0(104), 181-186

Auslösung und Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit

in Untersuchungen des Psychologischen Dienstes der Bundeswehr (1988), 23

Auf der Basis einer kognitionspsychologischen Analyse verschiedener aggressionsbezogener Gefühle (Wut, Ärger, Hass, Neid, Empörung) werden bei Wehrpflichtigen Bedingungen der Entstehung und Dämpfung von ... [more ▼]

Auf der Basis einer kognitionspsychologischen Analyse verschiedener aggressionsbezogener Gefühle (Wut, Ärger, Hass, Neid, Empörung) werden bei Wehrpflichtigen Bedingungen der Entstehung und Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit im Sinne von Hass gegenüber einem Vorgesetzten untersucht. Drei Indikatoren der Feindseligkeit wurden erhoben: (1) positive Gefühle bei einer Schädigung des Vorgesetzten, (2) Häufigkeit unwillkürlich interferierender Schädigungsvorstellungen und (3) negative Bewertung des Vorgesetzten. Feindseligkeit wurde im Wesentlichen als Funktion von fünf Variablen erwartet: (1) erlebte Beeinträchtigung durch den Vorgesetzten, (2) wahrgenommene Absichtlichkeit der Beeinträchtigung, (3) wahrgenommene Machtlosigkeit gegenüber dem Vorgesetzten, (4) Ablehnung von Rechtfertigungsgründen für das Handeln des Vorgesetzten und (5) Widerstandswille gegenüber diesem. Dämpfende Effekte auf Feindseligkeit sollten erlebte Sicherheit in sozialen Kontexten haben (Selbstvertrauen, wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch Kameraden oder höhere Vorgesetzte, Gerechtigkeit in der eigenen Einheit) sowie positive Bewertung der Bundeswehr und der Wehrpflicht. Alle Variablen wurden mit eigens konstruierten Fragebogen an einer Untersuchungsstichprobe von 426 Soldaten aus fünf Ausbildungsquartalen und unterschiedlich "harten" Einheiten erhoben. Wesentliche Ergebnisse waren: Die Kernvariablen wirkten in erwarteter Richtung auf Feindseligkeit. Die Indikatoren für erlebte Sicherheit wirkten insgesamt erwartungsgemäß dämpfend auf Feindseligkeit, was die direkten linearen Effekte anbelangt. Die Moderatoreffekte von Sicherheitsvariablen auf die Beziehung zwischen erlebter Beeinträchtigung und Feindseligkeit waren größtenteils erwartungswidrig: je höher die Sicherheit, um so grösser die Effekte erlebter Beeinträchtigung auf Feindseligkeit. Die Validität der Feindseligkeitsmaße wird diskutiert, und praktische Schlussfolgerungen, die die Vermeidung oder Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit betreffen, werden gezogen. [less ▲]

[Diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma ANP determination after myocardial infarction].

in Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie (1988), 77 Suppl 2

In the present study the prognostic value of ANP measurement was investigated in 52 patients undergoing coronary angiography. 22 normotensive and 30 hypertensive subjects were included. A significant ... [more ▼]

In the present study the prognostic value of ANP measurement was investigated in 52 patients undergoing coronary angiography. 22 normotensive and 30 hypertensive subjects were included. A significant inverse correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and plasma ANP was found in normotensives, but not in hypertensives. In patients with chronic myocardial infarction, there was no difference in ANP levels compared to patients without infarction in either group, provided that EF was normal. However, hypertensives showed a 35% increase in ANP compared to normotensives. This was true for subjects with and without myocardial infarction. These results show that in normotensives ANP levels have a prognostic value on a statistical rather than an individual basis. This does not apply to hypertensives, whose ANP level is increased by factors other than impaired ejection fraction. [less ▲]

Selective excitation by capsaicin of mechano-heat sensitive nociceptors in rat skin

in Brain Research (1988), 446(2), 262-268

[Elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma catecholamines in arterial hypertension--indications for an interaction].

in Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie (1988), 77(7), 407-12

In this study plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine were investigated in hypertensive patients (HT) (n = 30). 22 normotensive patients (NT ... [more ▼]

In this study plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine were investigated in hypertensive patients (HT) (n = 30). 22 normotensive patients (NT) served as controls. Hypertensives showed an elevated ANP-level in comparison with controls (46.8 +/- 3.3 vs. 36.8 +/- 3.3 pg/ml, M +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). When patients with myocardial infarction or with reduced ejection fraction were excluded, the same relation was demonstrated (49.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 33.6 +/- 2.0 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Plasma norepinephrine was 230.8 +/- 52.3 pg/ml in HT compared with 138.0 +/- 19.6 pg/ml in NT (p less than 0.05). Epinephrine was 70.8 +/- 10.5 vs. 54.8 +/- 9.7 pg/ml in HT and NT. To exclude an increased left ventricular enddiastolic - and hence left atrial - pressure as the cause for the elevation of ANP and norepinephrine, HT and NT were matched for the same levels of enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) (n = 18). For each level of LVEDP ANP was higher in HT than in NT (p less than 0.01). The same held true for norepinephrine (p less than 0.05) and to a lesser extent for epinephrine (p = 0.09). Our results demonstrate that patients with essential hypertension exhibit markedly elevated levels for ANP and catecholamines which is not due to myocardial failure. We propose that the increased secretion of the vasodilatory hormone ANP serves as counterregulation against the vasoconstrictor norepinephrine. The endocrine function of the heart may play a pivotal role in the modulation of sympathetic activity. [less ▲]

Oxygenated sterols and intracellular calcium dynamics - comparison with cholesterol and clinical application

in Beck, J; Crastes de Paulet, A (Eds.) Biological activities of oxygenated sterols (1988)

Morphometrically verified differences between neurons of the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and of its ventral periphery (VPMvp)

in Pflügers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology (1988), 411

[Concentrations of amiodarone and flecainide in plasma and saliva--indications for the active transport of flecainide].

in Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie (1988), 77(2), 99-102

Only the free protein-unbound drug concentration in plasma is pharmacologically active. The concentration of some drugs in saliva is equal to the free drug level. We compared concentrations (in plasma ... [more ▼]

Only the free protein-unbound drug concentration in plasma is pharmacologically active. The concentration of some drugs in saliva is equal to the free drug level. We compared concentrations (in plasma before, 30 and 60 min after the morning dose, in saliva before, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the morning dose) of amiodarone (n = 8, 2 x 200 mg orally per day) and flecainide (n = 16, 2 x 100 mg) administered as chronic antiarrhythmic treatment. Drug levels were measured by "high performance liquid chromatography". Results: Just prior to the first morning dose, amiodarone concentrations in plasma were 1.0-2.9 (2.0 +/- 0.6) micrograms/ml, in saliva 0.02-0.25 micrograms/ml; flecainide in plasma 80-560 (316 +/- 163) ng/ml, in saliva 630-3700 (1749 +/- 963) ng/ml. After the morning dose we found maximal flecainide plasma levels of 462 +/- 203 and saliva levels of 3218 +/- 2857 ng/ml. The highest flecainide concentrations in the saliva (13,400 and 11,300 ng/ml) were found in two patients 30 and 60 min after the morning dose. Flecainide, but not amiodarone, is excreted actively in the saliva, probably indicating an enteroenteric circulation. This should be considered to reduce life-threatening flecainide intoxications by gastric and intestinal lavage and suction. The concentration of flecainide in the saliva does not represent the non-protein-bound free drug level in the plasma. [less ▲]

Demonstranten und Polizisten." Motive, Erfahrungen und Eskalationsbedingungen.

Book published by Beltz Juventa-Verlag. (1988)

Insulin antibodies in diabetic children before treatment: A marker for islet B-cell destruction?

in Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association (1988), 5(5), 441-443

Insulin antibodies were measured in the sera of 28 newly diagnosed diabetic children (age 8.0 ± 4.0 (±SD) years) prior to insulin therapy and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The levels at diagnosis and ... [more ▼]

Insulin antibodies were measured in the sera of 28 newly diagnosed diabetic children (age 8.0 ± 4.0 (±SD) years) prior to insulin therapy and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The levels at diagnosis and after 12 months were compared to endogenous insulin production at onset and after 12 to 14 months. Endogenous insulin production was evaluated through the measurement of 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion, fasting plasma C-peptide levels and plasma C-peptide levels after glucagon stimulation. Insulin antibodies were detected in 29% of the patients (8 out of 28). In all but one patient antibodies binding porcine and human insulin were detected. No relationship was found between the presence of antibodies binding human or porcine insulin at diagnosis and age. After 1 year 27 out of 28 patients presented insulin antibodies. No relationship was found between the presence of insulin antibodies before therapy and 1 year after therapy. Insulin antibodies prior to diagnosis showed no relationship with the urinary C-peptide excretion at diagnosis (with antibodies 67 ± 27%, without antibodies 76 ± 11%). However, after 1 year significantly lower urinary C-peptide excretions were found in patients with insulin antibodies prior to therapy (with antibodies, 17 ± 7%, without antibodies, 31 ± 5%, p < 0.02). Peak plasma C-peptide levels after 1 year were possibly lower in patients with insulin antibodies before treatment (with antibodies 0.17 ± 0.06 nmol/l, without antibodies 0.26 ± 0.04 nmol/l, p < 0.1). Fasting C-peptide levels did not differ significantly between the two groups after 1 year of therapy (with antibodies 0.11 ± 0.03 nmol/l, without antibodies 0.14 ± 0.02 nmol/l). Thus, insulin auto-antibodies may be a marker for islet B-cell destruction in Type 1 diabetes. [less ▲]