Highly conductive ZnO films with high near infrared transparency

in Progress in Photovoltaics (2015)

We present an approach for deposition of highly conductive nominally undoped ZnO films that are suitable for the n-type window of low band gap solar cells. We demonstrate that low-voltage radio frequency ... [more ▼]

We present an approach for deposition of highly conductive nominally undoped ZnO films that are suitable for the n-type window of low band gap solar cells. We demonstrate that low-voltage radio frequency (RF) biasing of growing ZnO films during their deposition by non-reactive sputtering makes them as conductive as when doped by aluminium (ρ≤1·10−3Ω cm). The films prepared with additional RF biasing possess lower free-carrier concentration and higher free-carrier mobility than Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films of the same resistivity, which results in a substantially higher transparency in the near infrared region (NIR). Furthermore, these films exhibit good ambient stability and lower high-temperature stability than the AZO films of the same thickness. We also present the characteristics of Cu(InGa)Se2, CuInSe2 and Cu2ZnSnSe4-based solar cells prepared with the transparent window bilayer formed of the isolating and conductive ZnO films and compare them to their counterparts with a standard ZnO/AZO bilayer. We show that the solar cells with nominally undoped ZnO as their transparent conductive oxide layer exhibit an improved quantum efficiency for λ > 900 nm, which leads to a higher short circuit current density JSC. This aspect is specifically beneficial in preparation of the Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells with band gap down to 0.85 eV; our champion device reached a JSC of nearly 39 mAcm−2, an open circuit voltage of 378 mV, and a power conversion efficiency of 8.4 %. [less ▲]

The band gap of Cu2ZnSnSe4: Effect of order-disorder

in Applied Physics Letters (2014), 105

The Effect of Soft Pre-Annealing of Differently Stacked Cu-Sn-Zn Precursors on the Quality of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Absorbers

in Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. (2013), 1538