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See detailNumber-space associations in preschool: What is their prevalence and how do they relate to pre-mathematical and spatial abilities?
Ramos, Tania UL; Georges, Carrie UL; Masson, Nicolas et al

Scientific Conference (2023, May 22)

The mental association between numbers and space, as evidenced by the SNARC effect, has been intensively studied over the last 30 years. Nonetheless, its prevalence and functional role in mathematical and ... [more ▼]

The mental association between numbers and space, as evidenced by the SNARC effect, has been intensively studied over the last 30 years. Nonetheless, its prevalence and functional role in mathematical and spatial abilities remains unclear, especially in children. Therefore, we aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of preschool children (n=136, mean age=6.3 years) with consistent SNARC effects and (2) the relationship of the SNARC effect with pre-mathematical and spatial abilities. Children completed a magnitude judgment task to index their SNARC effects as well as 7 numerical and 3 spatial tasks, reduced into two respective factors using principle component analyses. Based on the methodology by Cipora et al., (2019), the consistency of the SNARC effect at the individual level was measured using bootstrapping. The results revealed that 37% and 19% of the children revealed consistent number-space associations in a left-to-right and right-to-left fashion, respectively. The remaining 44% did not show consistent spatial-numerical mappings. One-way ANOVAs revealed no significant effects of SNARC consistency (left-to-right consistent, right-to-left consistent, inconsistent) on either the numerical or spatial factor. Our results thus suggest that although spatially oriented symbolic numerical representations emerge at an early developmental stage, children do not (yet) rely on these associations when performing numerical and spatial tasks. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 153 (4 UL)
Peer Reviewed
See detailThe prevalence of number-space associations in preschool children
Ramos, Tania UL; Georges, Carrie UL; Masson, Nicolas et al

Scientific Conference (2023, March 28)

The SNARC effect, i.e., the association of small/large numbers to the left/right side of space respectively, is widely studied in adults and generally observed at the group level in about 76% of the ... [more ▼]

The SNARC effect, i.e., the association of small/large numbers to the left/right side of space respectively, is widely studied in adults and generally observed at the group level in about 76% of the participants. However, Cipora et al.,(2019) showed that when using a bootstrapping approach to analyze the consistency of the SNARC effect at the individual level, its prevalence decreased to about 40%. To date studies on the SNARC effect in children are scarce and, so far, none explored it at the individual level. Therefore, our aim was (1) to test whether preschoolers show a SNARC effect at the group level and (2) to determine the prevalence of children with a consistent SNARC effect. Based on the methodology suggested by Cipora et al., (2019), we tested 136 preschool children (Mean Age: 6.3 years old) in the final year of kindergarten with a magnitude judgment task. Descriptively and at the group level, 67% of the children revealed a regular SNARC effect (p<.001). Nevertheless, bootstrapping analysis, with an 80% confidence interval, showed that the prevalence of children with a consistent regular SNARC decreased to 37% and that even 19% had an inverted consistent SNARC. The prevalence of regular SNARC is thus equivalent to the one observed in adults when tested with a parity judgment task. Our results suggest that access to a spatially oriented numerical representation emerges at an early developmental stage, with, however, only a minority consistently showing the SNARC effect. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 120 (0 UL)
See detailA minority pulls the sample mean: on the individual prevalence of robust group-level cognitive phenomena - the instance of the SNARC effect
Cipora, Krzysztof; van Dijck, Jean-Philippe; Georges, Carrie UL et al

Presentation (2019, January)

Detailed reference viewed: 186 (2 UL)