African Perspectives for Advancing Space Security Through Norms, Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviours: Workshop Summary Report

Report (2023)

Coexisting in Low-Earth Orbit: Large Constellations and Cybersecurity Governance

in Air and Space Law (2023), 48

Une nouvelle étape dans le désarmement spatial : le cas des tests de missiles antisatellites à ascension directe

Report (2022)

One Step Closer to Space Security: The Role of Multilateral Discussions

in Global Policy - Observer Research Foundation (ORF) Series (2022)

Space Legislation of Luxembourg: A Commentary

Book published by Kluwer - 1st (2022)

For more than three decades, Luxembourg has been on the forefront of commercial and cooperative initiatives that have shaped a vibrant space economy. Since 2017, this role has been brought to legal ... [more ▼]

For more than three decades, Luxembourg has been on the forefront of commercial and cooperative initiatives that have shaped a vibrant space economy. Since 2017, this role has been brought to legal fruition with three areas designed to make Luxembourg a favorable jurisdiction for registering space missions. The book is an expert article-to-article commentary on these laws, as well as the first no-online publication of the laws otherwise available only in French. [less ▲]

Les USA renoncent aux tests de destruction de satellites afin de réduire les débris spatiaux

E-print/Working paper (2022)

In pursuit of the best standards: what material and legal interoperability for NATO forces?

in NATO Legal Gazette (2021), (42), 36-52

In the wake of the increasing development and use of space systems, alliances and partnerships appear to be the solution for minimising the risk of harmful interferences, reducing costs, and further apply ... [more ▼]

In the wake of the increasing development and use of space systems, alliances and partnerships appear to be the solution for minimising the risk of harmful interferences, reducing costs, and further apply advancement in new technologies. The military uses space systems to support a wide range of activities such as intelligence gathering, telecommunications, tracking, positioning, navigation, and early warnings to detect ballistic missile launches. Interoperability is bringing under the spotlight the disparities between technologically advanced and less-advanced States. Only a few States are able to produce and access space technologies individually and subsequently determine the standards and operational parameters. The utilisation of space systems requires like-minded operators who collectively agree on the same idea of norms of behaviours, threat characterisation, and thresholds for interference. This article critically engages with the idea that interoperability poses legal problems and an unfair burden on the less developed members of the Alliance. This article presents a two-fold analysis of interoperability challenges in utilising space equipment, with particular attention to joint responsibility during hostilities. Ensuring space systems' functionality appears necessary to preserve the operational effectiveness of the space infrastructure used by different operators. In turn, this entails the existence of interoperable systems and compliance with standards and regulations unilaterally set by the most technologically advanced States and sometimes not collectively agreed or developed. If allies want to operate the same equipment, they need to thwart compatibility issues from both a technical and legal perspective. In focusing on a small number of technologically advanced States to fix the interoperability standards, other States are deprived of a certain degree of autonomy and protection as they will have to share proprietary information. Moreover, less developed States are not able to fully control their operations or decide their responsibility for joint activities. [less ▲]

Pourquoi faut-il contenir la course aux armements dans l'espace

Article for general public (2021)

Safety Norms for Space Security: How the Development of STM Norms Can Strengthen Security in Space

E-print/Working paper (2021)