Beschäftigungswirkungen verringerter Sozialleistungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt'

in Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium (2011), 40

Von dem vierten Gesetz für moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt (Hartz IV), das mit dem 1. Januar 2005 in Kraft trat, erhoffte sich der Gesetzgeber eine Stärkung der Anreize, Arbeit anzubieten. Dieser ... [more ▼]

Von dem vierten Gesetz für moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt (Hartz IV), das mit dem 1. Januar 2005 in Kraft trat, erhoffte sich der Gesetzgeber eine Stärkung der Anreize, Arbeit anzubieten. Dieser Aufsatz analysiert die Beschäftigungswirkungen einer Senkung staatlicher Unterstützungsleistungen für arbeitslos Gemeldete in einem einfachen Arbeitsmarktmodell mit einem vom Lohnabstand abhängigen Arbeitsangebot. In diesem Modell erhöht eine solche Senkung das Arbeitsangebot. Ist der Arbeitsmarkt vollkommenen, so führt dies zu einer Senkung des gleichgewichtigen Reallohns und damit zu mehr Beschäftigung. In einem unvollkommenen Arbeitsmarkt mit einem bindenden Mindestlohn kann diese Wirkung ebenfalls erzielt werden, wenn der Anstieg der unfreiwillig Arbeitslosen z.B. die Verhandlungsmacht der Gewerkschaften reduziert und über diesen Umweg zu einem niedrigeren Reallohn führt. Positive Beschäftigungswirkungen sind deshalb aber erst zeitverzögert zu erwarten. [less ▲]

Property Rights, Optimal Public Enforcement, and Growth

Report (2011)

We study the link between public enforcement of property rights, innovation investments, and economic growth in an endogenous growth framework with an expanding set of product varieties. We find that a ... [more ▼]

We study the link between public enforcement of property rights, innovation investments, and economic growth in an endogenous growth framework with an expanding set of product varieties. We find that a government may assure positive equilibrium growth through public employment in the enforcement of property rights, if the economic environment is sufficiently favorable to growth and/or public enforcement is sufficiently effective. However, in terms of welfare an equilibrium path without property rights protection and growth might be preferable. In this case the enforcement of property rights involves too much reallocation of labor from production and research towards the public sector. [less ▲]

Ist Wirtschaftswachstum systemimmanent?

Report (2011)

No abstract is available for this item.

Factor Substitution, Income Distribution and Growth in a Generalized Neoclassical Model

in GERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW (2009), 10(4), 464-479

We analyze a generalized neoclassical growth model that combines a normalized CES production function and possible asymmetries of savings out of factor incomes. This generalized model helps to shed new ... [more ▼]

We analyze a generalized neoclassical growth model that combines a normalized CES production function and possible asymmetries of savings out of factor incomes. This generalized model helps to shed new light on a recent debate concerning the impact of factor substitution and income distribution on economic growth. We show that this impact relies on both an efficiency and a distribution effect, where the latter is caused by the distributional consequences of an increase in the elasticity of substitution. While the efficiency effect is always positive, the sign of the distribution effect depends on the particular savings hypothesis. If the savings rate out of capital income is substantial so that a certain threshold value is surpassed, the efficiency effect dominates and higher factor substitution accelerates the accumulation of capital and works as a major engine of growth. [less ▲]

Factor Substitution, Income Distribution and Growth in a Generalized Neoclassical Model

in German Economic Review (2009), 10

We analyze a generalized neoclassical growth model that combines a normalized CES production function and possible asymmetries of savings out of factor incomes. This generalized model helps to shed new ... [more ▼]

We analyze a generalized neoclassical growth model that combines a normalized CES production function and possible asymmetries of savings out of factor incomes. This generalized model helps to shed new light on a recent debate concerning the impact of factor substitution and income distribution on economic growth. We show that this impact relies on both an efficiency and a distribution effect, where the latter is caused by the distributional consequences of an increase in the elasticity of substitution. While the efficiency effect is always positive, the sign of the distribution effect depends on the particular savings hypothesis. If the savings rate out of capital income is substantial so that a certain threshold value is surpassed, the efficiency effect dominates and higher factor substitution accelerates the accumulation of capital and works as a major engine of growth. Copyright 2009 The Authors. Journal Compilation Verein für Socialpolitik and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. [less ▲]

Cross-Country Income Differences and Technology Diffusion in a Competitive World

Report (2008)

This paper develops a new open-economy endogenous growth model where technology diffusion allows for a stable and non-degenerate world income distribution. In accordance with the empirical literature, I ... [more ▼]

This paper develops a new open-economy endogenous growth model where technology diffusion allows for a stable and non-degenerate world income distribution. In accordance with the empirical literature, I find that country characteristics such as the social infrastructure, the degree of openness, the investment rate, population growth, the level of human capital, or growth policies such as subsidies to innovation investments explain a country’s position in the eventual world income distribution. Club convergence in growth rates can be traced back to a country’s openness and to a minimum required level of human capital. [less ▲]

Comment on "On the openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution"

in Journal of Macroeconomics (2008), 30(2), 703-706

This paper provides a comment on the analysis of the link between an economy's openness to trade and its macroeconomic elasticity of substitution (ES) presented in Saam [Saam, M., 2008. Openness to trade ... [more ▼]

This paper provides a comment on the analysis of the link between an economy's openness to trade and its macroeconomic elasticity of substitution (ES) presented in Saam [Saam, M., 2008. Openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution. Journal of Macroeconomics 30, 691-702.]. [less ▲]

National minimum wages, capital mobility, and global economic growth

in Economics Letters (2006), 90(2), 285-289

How do national minimum wages affect global economic growth? We address this question in a two-country endogenous growth model with capital mobility that emphasizes a link between wages, savings and ... [more ▼]

How do national minimum wages affect global economic growth? We address this question in a two-country endogenous growth model with capital mobility that emphasizes a link between wages, savings and growth. We identify the conditions on technology and national preferences that determine whether national minimum wages are a stimulus or an obstacle to growth. Technology matters because it determines the functional distribution of global income as well as output effects associated with the emergence of national unemployment due to minimum wages. Interestingly, differences in national savings propensities do not only affect the strength of the growth effect associated with minimum wages but may even determine its direction.<P>(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) [less ▲]

Neoclassical Growth and the 'Trivial' Steady State

Report (2005)

If capital is an essential input, the neoclassical growth model has a steady state with zero capital. From this, one is inclined to conclude that an economy starting without capital can never grow. We ... [more ▼]

If capital is an essential input, the neoclassical growth model has a steady state with zero capital. From this, one is inclined to conclude that an economy starting without capital can never grow. We challenge this view and claim that, if the production function satisfies the Inada conditions, a take-off is possible even though the initial capital stock is zero and capital is essential. Since the marginal product of capital is initially infinite, the ‘trivial’ steady state becomes so unstable that the solution to the equation of motion involves the possibility of a take-off, even without capital. When it happens, the take-off is spontaneous; there is no causality. [less ▲]

Extensive and intensive growth in a neoclassical framework

in Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (2005), 29(8), 1427-1448

Extensive growth based on the expansion of inputs is likely to be subject to diminishing returns. Therefore it is often viewed as having no effect on per capita magnitudes in the long run. This Paper ... [more ▼]

Extensive growth based on the expansion of inputs is likely to be subject to diminishing returns. Therefore it is often viewed as having no effect on per capita magnitudes in the long run. This Paper argues that periods of extensive growth through capital accumulation may be a precursor to periods of intensive growth during which output per unit of input grows through endogenous technical change. Such a sequence of stages of development occurs as capital accumulation affects the incentives to engage in labour-saving technical change. A steady rise in the capital-labour ratio affects the relative scarcity of factors of production, their (expected) relative price, and induces innovation investments.<P>(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) [less ▲]