Abstract :
[en] There is a global increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases associated with unhealthy food intakes. Conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and strokes represent a high societal impact and an economic burden for health-care systems around the world. To understand these diseases, one needs to account the several factors that influence how the human body processes food, some of which are determined by the genome and patterns of gene expression that translate to the ability - or lack of - to degrade and absorb certain nutrients. Other factors, like the gut microbiota, are more volatile because its composition is highly moldable by diet and lifestyle.
Multi-omics technologies can support the comprehensive collection of dietary intake data and monitoring of the health status of individuals. Also, a correct analysis of this data could lead to new insights about the complex processes involved in the digestion of dietary components and their involvement in the prevention or the appearance of health problems, but its integration and interpretation are still problematic.
Thus, in this thesis, we propose the utilization of Constraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) methods as a framework for the integration of this complex data. To achieve this goal, we have created a knowledge-base, the Virtual Metabolic Human (VMH), that combines information from large-scale models of metabolism from the human organism and typical gut microbes, with food composition information, and a disease compendium.
VMH’s unique combination of resources leverages the exploration of metabolic pathways from different organisms, the inclusion of dietary information into in-silico experiments through its own diet designer tool, visualization and analysis of experimental and simulation data, and exploring disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies. VMH is a step forward in providing the necessary tools to investigate the mechanisms behind the influence of diet in health and disease. Tools such as the diet designer can be used as a basis for diet optimization by predicting combinations of foods that can contribute to specific metabolic outcomes, which has the potential to be integrated and translated into treatment development and dietary recommendations in the foreseeable future.
