On certain finiteness questions in the arithmetic of Galois representations

Let p be a fixed prime number. It has been known for a long time that there are only finitely many Galois extensions K/Q with Galois group a finite irreducible subgroup of GL_2(F_p^bar) that are imaginary and unramified outside p. In contrast, there are infinitely many such with Galois group inside GL_2(Z_p^bar), even if one restricts to ones coming from modular forms (this restriction is believed to be local at p). It is tempting to ask what happens "in between" F_p^bar and Z_p^bar, i.e. whether there is still finiteness modulo fixed prime powers.
In the talk, I will motivate and explain a conjecture made with Ian Kiming and Nadim Rustom stating that the set of such Galois extensions `modulo p^m' (a proper definition will be given in the talk) coming from modular forms is finite. I will present partial results and a relation of the finiteness conjecture to a strong question by Kevin Buzzard.
The talk is based on joint work with Ian Kiming and Nadim Rustom.